PREVALENCE OF TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN BLOOD DONORS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Journal Title: Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 69
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the number of transfusions approaches 16 million annually.1 Transfusions are lifesaving, but they are also associated with life threatening hazards. Prevalence of infection which can be transmitted by transfusion is increasing in the community. In 1991, with every unit of blood there was 1% chance of transfusion associated problems including Transfusion-transmitted diseases.2 Dreadful and life-threatening complications of transfusion are Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV 1 and 2. HIV -2 was first confirmed in West Africa.3 HIV-1 is the major infection in India, Africa and other developing countries. Usually mandatory tests for five infections are done on blood before transfusion as instructed by National Aids Control Society of India. They are ELISA test for Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C & HIV (Anti HIV 1 & 2), VDRL test for syphilis, Antigen detecting card test for Malaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The seroprevalence of five transfusion-transmitted infections i.e. Hepatitis B, C HIV Malaria and Syphilis among blood donors who attended the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram from November 2007 - October 2010 was retrospectively analysed. A Retrospective descriptive study was done. The data of 74280 donors were analysed. The data of the variables were collected from the donor’s registration card in the department, variables were collected from the donor’s registration card in the department. Total number of donors and seropositives were categorised according to their age, education, socioeconomic status, gender, and marital status. In each category, the seropositivity is compared with the total number of donors in that particular group. Percentage of positivity is calculated from total positives. The percentage of each disease was then analysed according to age, education, socioeconomic status, gender and marital status. RESULTS In the present study, data of 74280 blood donors were analysed retrospectively. The total number of seropositive donors were 2601. This comes up to 3.5% of total donor population. The distribution of five infections in seropositive donors were as follows: HBV 1547 (59.5%), HIV 421 (16.2%), HCV 407 (15.6%), VDRL 138 (5.3%) and malaria 88 (3.4%). Data According to Age GroupData was analysed according to the age group. It was observed that compared to the total donors the seropositivity was comparatively low in the 18-30 years of age group. It was comparatively high in all the other age groups. These findings were statistically significant, p value <0.01. HBV was the predominant infection in all the age groups except 51-60 years where HIV was the predominant infection. According to educational status, donors were grouped into professionals, graduation and above, below graduation and students. Majority of the donors belonged to the below graduation group, professionals were of very low number. Comparing the total donors with seropositivity of that particular groups it was observed that the seropositivity was significantly low in professionals, graduation and above, and in students. The seropositivity was significantly high in the below graduation group, P value < 0.01. HBV is the predominant infection in all the groups except professionals, where HIV & HCV were the predominant infections both having equal prevalence. Considering the analysis according to socioeconomic status, majority of the donors belonged to low socioeconomic class. The seropositivity was significantly high in the low socioeconomic class, low in high and upper classes. These findings were statistically significant, p value <0.01. When HIV & HCV were the predominant infections in the upper class, lower and middle classes showed a maximum prevalence of HBV. The seropositivity when analysed according to the marital status the majority of donor population belonged to the unmarried group, seroprevalence was high in the married and low in the unmarried group. This was statistically significant, p value <0.01. HBV was the predominant infection both in the married and unmarried groups. On gender-wise analysis majority of the blood donors were male. Seropositivity was comparatively high in females and low in males. This was statistically significant, p value <0.01. HBV was the predominant infection in both groups. CONCLUSION Study showed that the blood donors were from different groups in the community differing in educational qualification, socioeconomic status, etc. The prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infection also varies with these variables. Prevalence of infection was low in 18-30 years age group, professionals, in groups with high educational level and high socioeconomic class. Recruiting donors from different strata of community by giving incentives should be avoided.
Authors and Affiliations
Kala V. L, Kumari K. C Usha, Prema N. S, Sajith V
Keywords
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- EP ID EP233250
- DOI 10.14260/Jemds/2017/1073
- Views 63
- Downloads 0
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