Proline Metabolite Transport an Efficient Approach in corn Yield Improvement as Response to Drought Conditions
Journal Title: International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences - Year 2014, Vol 3, Issue 5
Abstract
One of the main problems of corn cultivation and production is the lack of water resources, especially during periods of low rainfall which affect the vegetative growth rate and the amount of yield. Osmotic adjustment is effected by accumulation of free amino acids, proline and sugars in the roots and shoots. Accumulation of proline is a widespread plant response to environmental stresses, including low water potential. Proline has a clear role as an osmoticum. In particular, because of its high hydrophilic characteristics, proline acts as a compatible solute, one that can accumulate to high concentrations in the cell cytoplasm without interfering with cellular structure or metabolism. Proline is a non-protein amino acid that forms in most tissues subjected to water stress and together with sugar, it is readily metabolized upon recovery from drought. Proline fulfils diverse functions in corn plant. Proline synthesis has been associated with tissues undergoing rapid cell divisions, such as shoot apical meristems, and appears to be involved in floral transition and embryo development. High levels of proline can be found in pollen and seeds, where it serves as compatible solute, protecting cellular structures during dehydration. The proline concentrations of cells, tissues and corn plant organs are regulated by the interplay of biosynthesis, degradation and intra- as well as intercelIular transport processes. Proline, which increases proportionately faster than other amino acids in corn plants under water stress, has been suggested as an evaluating parameter for irrigation scheduling and for selecting drought-resistant varieties.
Authors and Affiliations
Masoud Zadebagheri, Arash Azarpanah and Shorangiz Javanmardi
Keywords
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