Psychiatric and Psycho-social Profile of Risk Factors in Attempted Suicide in Sikkim, India

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Psychiatric and Psycho-social Profile of Risk Factors in Attempted Suicide in Sikkim, India

Journal Title: International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 10

Abstract

Introduction: Psychiatric disorders has been considered one of the major driving factors for suicide and attempted suicide. The rates of suicide attempts are found to be higher than the completed suicides. Attempted suicide is a common clinical problem in a general hospital setting, encompassing a wide variety of medical and social perspective, some important psycho-socio-demographic variables such as life events, mode of attempts and social factors have not been explored in depth in Sikkim. Current study aimed to identify the sociodemographic factors, methods and to identify the risk factors leading to suicidal attempts. Material and Methods: All the consecutive cases of suicide attempts (n =100) treated in a general hospital were evaluated for psychosocial, clinical risk factors, suicide characteristics, psychiatric morbidity co-morbidity and psychiatric diagnosis by using ICD – 10. Presumptive stressful life event scale was utilized to calculate life events score. A self designed Performa was administered to the subjects relating the factors responsible for the attempts. The data thus obtained was compiled and analyzed. Result: Result of the present study shows 49% were male and 51% were female. Peak occurrence of suicidal attempts was found in the second and third decades (21-30 years). Nuclear family, rural background, self employed and having secondary education were more represented. Hindus constituted 59% of the total suicide attempters and 56% were from middle (class II) socio-economic groups. More than 75% of attempters had psychiatric diagnosis and precipitating life events prior to attempts. The most common method of attempt was by hanging. Depressive disorder (44%) constituted a major category of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Majority of attempters were young adults, had lower educational achievement with a high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and co-morbidity. Early identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders would have prevented the mortality associated with suicide. A proper psychiatric referral system through a village mechanism of prompt recognition and referral for psychiatric services should be built up to reduce the incidence of suicidal death.

Authors and Affiliations

C. L. Pradhan

Keywords

Attempted Suicide Risk Factors

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