Psycho-Social Factors among Institutional Orphans of Kashmir with Respect to Demographic Variables
Journal Title: Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 12
Abstract
Orphans have been part of the human civilization since time immemorial. The outline of their fortification has always differed from time to time and depends on the present-day social attitude towards them. Orphans lack the regulation and compassion which is necessary for the emotional development to take place.The present study entitled Psycho-social factors among institutional orphans of Kashmir with respect to demographic variables was aimed to understand the relation of psychological factors (psychological hardiness, locus of control and emotional and behavioral problems) and social factors (perceived social support) among institutional orphans with respect to demographic variables .The objectives of the study were to assess emotional and behavioral problems, perceived social support, psychological hardiness and locus of control among institutional orphans. Besides the study was aimed to explore the understudy constructs with respect to various demographic variables (cause of parent’s death, orphan status, duration in orphanages and number of visits by family member/s). The sample of the present study composed of 336 orphans selected from 8 orphanages of different areas of Srinagar district. The tools used were psychological hardiness scale by Betz and Campbell (2003), locus of control by Sanjay Vohra (1992), behavioral problems scale by Eshrat Ara (2015) and for assessing perceived social support 18 item scale was developed and standardized by authors. Apart from these tools personal data sheet was used to collect certain personal information from the respondents which include information about demographic variables. The collected data was analyzed by statistical techniques like descriptive statistics and comparative analysis. The comparative analysis revealed that no difference was found in terms of perceived social support, psychological hardiness and emotional and behavioral problems between orphans whose parent/s death was considered as natural death (i.e. due to illness, accident etc) and whose parents died due to prevailing conflict in the state, however, orphans whose parent/s death was considered as natural death have higher external locus of control as compared to orphans whose parent/s died due to conflict. While comparing single and double orphans it was found that single orphans have more psychological hardiness and lower emotional and behavioral problems as compared to double orphans, although no significant difference was found with respect to perceived social support and locus of control. While comparing orphans, who have been residing in orphanage for less than five years with orphans who have been residing in orphanages for five or more than five years in orphanage, results revealed that orphans who have been residing in orphanages for 5 years and more have better perceived social support, higher internal and external locus of control and lower emotional and behavioral problem as compared to orphans who have been residing in orphanage for less than 5 years, however no difference was found between these two groups in terms of psychological hardiness. The study finally revealed that the orphans whose family member/s visit them differ significantly in psychological hardiness, perceived social support and emotional and behavioral problems, however no difference was found in terms of locus of control. All these results have been thoroughly discussed in the light of available research. Keywords: Orphans, psychological hardiness, perceived social support, locus of control and emotional and behavioural problems
Authors and Affiliations
Syed Najmah Jameel, Shawkat Ahmad Shah
Keywords
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