Radiological Assessment of Hand Skeleton Ossification in Children under Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
Journal Title: International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 3
Abstract
Introduction: Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in childhood leads to a skeletal undergrowth that cannot be rectified during later stages of life, therefore it may lead to an increase risk of osteoporotic fractures. Aim: This study designed to assess the radiological assessment of skeletal changes in children with malnutrition. Materials and Methods: A total one hundred cases between age group 0-12 years reporting to paediatric department were recruited and cases with skeletal and ossification anomalies were excluded. The grading for the malnutrition cases was done according to the recommendation of the Indian Academy of Paediatrics Nutrition sub-committee. The plain skiagrams of the wrist, with hand (AP view) and knees (AP view) were taken. Results: The capitate and hamate were having least affected centres in the hand skeleton. The most severely affected centres were the epiphysis of the metacarpals. In group 1 & 2, the skeletal age was highly lagged behind the chronological age at 6-7 years in low income (24 months) and middle income (27 months) groups. Whereas in Grade 3 and 4, it was seen in 33.3% cases of both sexes and in 100% cases at the age of three years. Conclusion: Malnutrition plays a crucial role in determination of mortality rate in <5 year children. There is a variation between skeletal age and chronological age in children with malnutrition. Ossification centres appear earlier in females compared to that of the males. Adequate supply of calories, protein, mineral and vitamin D is a prerequisite for the attainment of peak bone mass.
Authors and Affiliations
Mallaiah Praveen Kumar, Muppavarapu Venu Madhav
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP531599
- DOI 10.7860/IJARS/2018/37291:2421
- Views 134
- Downloads 0
A Study of Variations in the Position of Fundus and Peritoneal Reflections of Gall Bladder
ABSTRACT Introduction: Various positions of fundus and peritoneal reflections of Gall bladder are of significance as it is a common site of medical and surgical pathologies. Aim: To study the position and length of fundu...
Morphometry of Posterior Cerebral Artery
Introduction: Circle of Willis is an arterial circle made from communicating branches originating from carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries. The Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCAs) are paired vessels, usually arising from...
Variants of Coeliac Trunk, Hepatic Artery and Renal Arteries in Puducherry Population
ABSTRACT Introduction: In the modern era of surgery where we have increased number of hepatic, biliary, pancreatic and renal surgeries we should be aware of the variations in anatomy of coeliac axis, hepatic arteries and...
Anatomical Variations in the Division and Innervation of the Sciatic Nerve with its Clinical Consequences
ABSTRACT Introduction: Commonly encountered peripheral nerve in emergency, trauma, routine surgical medical practice and neurology is Sciatic Nerve (SN). Its vulnerability to injury is because of its thickness and long c...
A Comparison of Benefits and Complications of Extraction of Gallbladder in an Endobag Using a Drain Bag Versus Direct Extraction
Introduction: The retrieval of gallbladder in an endobag, causes less spillage of contents, less infection and trauma, with smaller incisions leading to less post operative pain with more rapid recovery and early return...