Rationale Behind the Use of Temnocalyx Obovatus Roots as Antivenins Against Snakebites in Primary Health Care
Journal Title: American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics - Year 2013, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Worldwide snakebites are a health hazard. In recent years there has been an increased interest in alternative therapeutics especially those derived from plants. The aim of the present study was to provide a rationale behind the use of Temnocalyx obovatus roots in the treatment of snakebites in folk medicines. Thin Liquid Chromatography (TLC) analysis of Temnocalyx obovatus methanolic extract revealed five spots (Rf 0.65, Rf 0.71, Rf 0.72, Rf 0.77 and Rf 0.78). On spraying with standard revealing reagents it was noted that the extract consisted of appreciable amounts of flavonoids, saponins and moderate amounts of tannins. Alkaloids were detected in trace amounts. Cardiac glycosides anthraquinones, steroids and terpenoids were not detected. Results of caseinolytic activity of metalloproteinase show that flavonoids inhibited significantly the digestion of casein by the enzyme ANOVA analysis p > 0.05. Tannins and saponins also revealed a greater anti-proteolytic activity while anti-proteolytic activity of alkaloids was poor. On anti- phospholipase A2 activity analysis, flavonoids and saponins revealed superior inhibitory effect with a 100% effective dose of 10 and 15µg/ml respectively. Anti-phospholipase A2 activities of alkaloids were negligible. Tannins also exhibited good inhibitory activity however 100% protection was not reached. Metalloproteinase and phospholipase A2 are the major enzymes in snake venom and inhibition of these enzymes prevent local tissue damage and entrance of other venom toxins. Inhibitory activity of Temnocalyx obovatus against metalloproteinase and phospholipase A2 authenticate its use as an antivenin against snake bites in primary health care.
Authors and Affiliations
P. Dzomba, D. Shasha, T. Chayamiti, G. Murambasvina, N. Mudavanhu
Keywords
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