Real-World Evidence for the Widespread Effects of Fixed-Site High- Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Chronic Pain
Journal Title: Journal of Pain & Relief - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 4
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic pain among adults in the U.S. is 30% [1], at an annual economic cost of $600 billion [2]. Many people with chronic pain also have debilitating comorbidities including low quality sleep, anxiety, depression and poor overall health [3]. Prescription opioids are frequently used for chronic pain despite concerns about adverse events, addiction and long-term efficacy [4,5]. Alternatives such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiepileptics also have side effects [6,7] and abuse potential [8]. For these reasons, there is a need for non-pharmacological treatments for chronic pain [9]. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a noninvasive treatment for chronic pain that has no major side effects. Conventional TENS is delivered through surface electrodes at a frequency and intensity that produces a strong, nonpainful sensation. The resulting stimulation of large diameter, deep tissue afferents [10], produces pain relief by decreasing central excitability and increasing central inhibition [11,12]. TENS provides pain relief or improves function in multiple types of chronic pain [11,12-19].
Authors and Affiliations
Shai N Gozani, Xuan Kong
Keywords
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- EP ID EP578614
- DOI 10.4172/2167-0846.1000329
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