Redefining Exercise Intensity during Competition Swimming
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 4
Abstract
Anaerobic contribution can quickly decrease, even in shorter time line events (20-30 sec, 200m running, 50m swimming). Previous authors have demonstrated aerobic contributions between 29 and 40% for various levels of athlete over this time course in a range of exercise types (Running, cycling swimming rowing). We have developed methods that demonstrate better clarification of systemic use and wished to understand these differences during competition conditions. 440 subjects (299 Male & 141 Female) volunteered to take part in this study and were drawn from a number of national events. Blood lactate and glucose were tested immediately post swim until a peak of each parameter was found. Swim time and stroke parameters were also collected for each swim. Data were collected in all event distances (50m 100m 200m 400m 800m & 1500m). The generation of system contribution followed the methods of Swanwick & Matthews (2018). The comparison of contribution in male Freestyle events, 50m-100, showed significant differences in glycolytic and anaerobic contributions (P≤ 0.0002), 100-200, anaerobic only (P≤ 0.0002) and 400 to 1500m in aerobic and anaerobic (P≤ 0.0002) Females showed less differences in system contributions (50-100, glycolytic, (P≤ 0.01) and 200-400m (anaerobic, P≤ 0.002). When glycolytic and anaerobic capacities were combined, our results were in agreement with Conclusion; The model has demonstrated values that are in line with previous authors but has greatly increased the possibility of understanding energy contribution differences through the identification of the importance of the glycolytic contribution during vigorous and maximal exercise. Introduction Observation of energy dynamics in swimming competition has been sparsely studied in recent years. Previously, when it has been studied, it has been limited to the study of lactate values at the end of races [1,2]. These studies demonstrated that peak lactate values decrease from the peaks in the 200m events (individual medley in particular) to the 800 and 1500m events, and that lactates are higher in older swimmers than younger swimmers. Although relationships between the velocity at 4mmol and the speeds of the distance events (400,800 and 1500m) have been established Bonafazi until Rodriguez and Mader (2003) little else has been noted in relation of energy contribution to the events. These authors used a combination of the analysis of post exercise breathby- breath oxygen uptake after 100m and 400m maximal swims and a computer simulation to suggest that the aerobic contribution in both events was significantly higher (average 400m 84.4%, 100m 57.9%), than had been previously suggested in events on the same timescale. These results were broadly in line with the findings of Laffite et al. [3] Hellard and his group (2005) looked at modelling the residual effects and saturation thresholds of Olympic swimmers and found that identifying individual training thresholds might help develop performance. Their study however, recognized that, in this model, training variables still only accounted for 30% of the variation in performance. With the exception of these measures were not taken during competition, making their comparativeness less valuable. Anaerobic contribution can quickly decrease even in shorter time line events (20-30 sec, or 200m running equivalent) and our previous findings around this have tied in well with findings of other authors who have demonstrated aerobic contributions between 29 and 40% for various levels of athlete over this time course and with different modes of exercise including treadmill running @1% [4], Cycling [5], Medbo and Tabata [6] and running [7]. This is also the case over longer time lines used in competition swimming events Spencer et al. [8-11]. In athletic events, specific contributions of aerobic and anaerobic mechanisms have been identified in simulated competition efforts Duffield et al. [10] and Duffield et al. [12]. These have not been measured at competition, where the added element of the athlete working for a race position could change the energy outcome. Previously we have demonstrated methods for better identifying metabolic contributions to maximal efforts [12] and have demonstrated the changes that have occurred during training. Briefly, this describes a need to view the function of the energy system split into 4 components (Aerobic oxidative, Aerobic glycolytic, Anaerobic glycolytic, Creatine phosphate – ATP) rather than 3 (Aerobic, Anaerobic Creatine phosphate-ATP). Using this as the basis for generating a model of assessment, it is possible to use the maximum lactate from an effort and predict at what level of blood lactate MVO2 occurred. We would use this to define the point from which anaerobic capacity could be defined. Additionally, using the change in blood glucose, we proposed that it could be used to identify the amount of work that was met by aerobic glycolytic mechanisms.
Authors and Affiliations
Emma Swanwick, Martyn Matthews
Keywords
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- EP ID EP591773
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.05.001232
- Views 167
- Downloads 0
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