Reduction of Sleep Spindles in Children and Adolescents with Major Depression is Age and Sex-Dependent
Journal Title: Nursing & Healthcare International Journal - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 3
Abstract
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated to substantial sleep disturbances and reduced neuroplasticity. Sleep spindles, involved in neuroplasticity mechanisms during brain development, are more abundant in children and adolescents than in adults, and as such, might be a sensitive measure of sleep alterations in early-onset MDD. This study investigated the effects of sex and age on sleep spindles in children and adolescents with MDD. Methods: The study included 69 depressed [34 children 8-12 years of age (18 males and 16 females) and 35 adolescents 13-18 years of age (14 males and 21 females)], and 42 healthy [18 children 8-12 years of age (10 males and 8 females) and 24 adolescents 13-18 years of age (12 males and 12 females)] youth. All participants maintained a regular sleepwake schedule for 5 days followed by two consecutive nights in the laboratory. Spindle density (SD) was analyzed in Stage 2 of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Results: Children and adolescents with MDD showed lower SD than healthy controls (p<.02). SD was lower in depressed female children (p=0.006) and depressed adolescent males (p=0.01) compared to their corresponding healthy controls. Conclusions: Low sleep spindles generation characterized children and adolescents with MDD, indicating that low sleepdependent neuroplasticity are a feature of early-onset MDD. Young girls and adolescent boys with MDD showed the lowest spindle generation, suggesting that sleep-associated neuroplasticity alterations in MDD are moderated by sex and age. The earlier reduction in sleep-dependent neuroplasticity in depressed females, compared to depressed males, may increase susceptibility for depressive episodes in subsequent years.
Authors and Affiliations
Lopez J*, Pokala S, Hoffmann R and Armitage R
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP745263
- DOI 10.23880/nhij-16000115
- Views 41
- Downloads 0
Knowledge and Attitude of Family Member of Mentally Ill Patient regarding Restraint, 2016
Background: People who have observed or are aware that a consumer has been restrained may experience distress, confusion, concern, anger or fear and perceive as punishment. However, studies that examine the perspective...
Proposed Plan of Home Based New Born Care in Kamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia -Dr. Krishnavellie Chetty & Mary Johnson
The global burden of neonatal deaths is estimated to be 2.6 million, of which 0.76 million—more than a quarter—occur in India. With a neonatal mortality rate (NMR) of 26 per 1000 live births and infant mortality rate of...
The Role of the Cell Saber in the Intraoperative Period in Response to Bleeding During the Postoperative Period
Purpose: The risk of bleeding in Cardiac surgery is high, thus, it is necessary to transfuse blood products in the majority of cases. The Cell Saver (CS), when used during the intraoperative is an alternative helping re...
The Patient in Intensive Care: Communication with the Critical Patient and His Family Members - A Narrative Review
The study intends to investigate fundamental elements of effective communication between health professionals and patients and/or family members, in a particular context such as intensive care.
The Impact of Applying Blockchain Technology on the Health Industry Especially in the Field of Health Oriented Products
Nowadays, the health industry is one of the largest industries in the world, which includes more than 10% of gross domestic product in developed countries. Health industry consists of patient information management subs...