Reflections About the Gut, A Microbiologist’s Perspective
Journal Title: Current Trends in Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Year 2018, Vol 1, Issue 2
Abstract
Without doubt, the original function of the human gut was to digest and absorb food. Its epithelial cells absorb food after it has been processed to smaller components by enzymatic digestion. Comparable epithelial processes are also found in animals, including sea animals, and plants [1]. Disturbance of the gut homeostasis by infections leads to disease. From mild diarrhea of short duration (e.g. caused by poliovirus, rotavirus, norovirus and Campylobacter) to lethal infections by toxin producing bacteria such as cholera. Cholera often occurs as a result of crowding and poor hygiene. It was very problematic during the first industrial revolution in the UK where poor migrants lived under dismal conditions. This situation was a trigger for Karl Marx and Friedich Engels to write the Communist Manifesto. More recently it hit Haiti after the earthquake in 2010. In addition to acute and life threating disease an accumulation of milder diarrheal episodes can have dire consequences. It may cause under nutrition with as results impaired development of the brain. An analysis by Eppig et al. [2] found an inverse correlation between disease burden and average intelligence. They explain this by a lack of energy to build the brain, as a consequence of infectious disease [2]. Another, Brazilian, study found a correlation between early childhood diarrhea and impaired growth and cognitive abilities [3]. I used to teach my students that they have much more bacteria in their gut (about 4.1013) than cells in their brain (1011) [4]. But for many years I had to add that most of these bacteria could not be cultured and that their function was largely unknown. That has completely changed. The gut microbiota, the present name for all bacteria in the gut, is now know to have important metabolic, hormonal and immunologic functions and exchange signals with the body, even with the brain.
Authors and Affiliations
Bernard AM Van der Zeijst
Keywords
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- EP ID EP569040
- DOI 10.32474/CTGH.2018.01.000110
- Views 49
- Downloads 0
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