Relationship of eating habits of pregnant women and daily delivery of nutrients as well as their influence on the course of pregnancy and condition of the neonate
Journal Title: Ginekologia i Położnictwo medical project - Year 2016, Vol 4, Issue 42
Abstract
Introduction. Early dietary exposure of pregnant women becomes the main determinant of normal fetal development and shapes health of future generations. A range of scientific evidence indicates that nutrition in pregnancy can modify gene expression and result in susceptibility to various diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between eating habits of pregnant women and daily delivery of nutrients as well as their influence on the postnatal condition of the neonate. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 178 healthy pregnant women aged 19–38 years (mean age 29.9 years) at 1– 4 days post-labor hospitalized in maternity units of hospitals in the Silesian Province of Poland. The study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire of the National Health Institute: Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ II) and a proprietary history questionnaire. Results. The mean energy value in daily dietary allowance during pregnancy was 2,609.87±1,199.86 kcal per day. Considering total fat intake in grams, it was concluded that the mean fat intake level was 90.87±42.98 g (103.4% of the recommended intake), which falls within the referential values for the pregnant (46–90 g + 13–16 g). Carbohydrate intake was nearly twice higher than the recommended intake (244.4%). Women having neonates with normal birth weight (2,500–4,000 g) had meals with a lower energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and cholesterol content than mothers having neonates with macrosomia. A statistically significant correlation found in the study was a negative correlation between the Apgar score and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The estimated quantities of individual groups of food products did not conform to the recommended dietary reference intake models for pregnant women. Of the studied women, none followed a vegetarian diet or excluded meat, fish, eggs and dairy products from the diet. Conclusions. Eating habits of pregnant women negatively affect the structure of daily intake of selected nutrients, energy content and contribution of the individual groups of products to the total diet. The mean intake of fruit and added sugars in the daily diet of pregnant women considerably exceeds the recommended reference intake for the pregnant. There is no correlation between omega-3 fatty acid intake and neonatal birth weight.
Authors and Affiliations
Patrycja Krawczyk, Urszula Sioma-Markowska, Edyta Kubiak, Agnieszka Nowak-Brzezińska, Violetta Skrzypulec-Plinta
Keywords
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