Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Language Version of the Test of Performance Strategies
Journal Title: Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS; Thomas et al., 1999) on the Turkish population. The TOPS was designed to assess eight psychological skills and strategies used by athletes in competition (activation, automaticity, emotional control, goal-setting, imagery, relaxation, self-talk, and negative thinking) and the same strategies, except negative thinking is replaced by attentional control used in training. The sample of the study included athletes who were training and competing in a wide variety of sports across a broad range of performance standards. The final sample consisted of 433 males (mean ± s: age 22.47 ± 5.30 years) and 187 females (mean ± s: age 20.97 ± 4.78 years), 620 athletes in total (mean ± s: age 21.25 ± 4.87 years) who voluntarily participated; TOPS was administered to all participants. Afterward, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted by Analysis Moments of Structures (AMOS) 18. Comparative fit index (CFI), non-normed fit index (NNFI) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used to verify whether the model fit the data. Goodness-of-fit statistics were CFI= .91, NNFI= .92 and RMSEA= .056. These values showed that the tested model is coherent at a satisfactory level. Moreover, results of confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a total of four items (two items from competition and two from practice) within the subscale of automaticity have been removed. The 28 items within the remaining seven subscales have been validated. In conclusion, Turkish version of TOPS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the psychological skills and strategies used by athletes in competition and practices.
Authors and Affiliations
Bülent Okan Miçooğulları
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP174162
- DOI -
- Views 86
- Downloads 0
Connection in the Fresh Air: A Study on the Benefits of Participation in an Electronic Tracking Outdoor Gym Exercise Programme
Th is study aimed to explore whether a six-week intervention, based on participation in outdoor exercise, including activity-tracking devices and combined with individual consulting sessions, can both increase physical a...
Age-Related Patterns of Physical and Physiological Characteristics in Adolescent Wrestlers
The aim of the study was to examine the physical and physiological differences as dependent on age of young wrestlers. One hundred and twenty-six 15 – 17 year old wrestlers volunteered as subjects in the present study. T...
Local Geographical Differences in Adult Body Height in Montenegro
The purpose of this research study is to examine body height in both Montenegrin sexes and map local geographical differences within both groups. A total of 2088 individuals (981 boys and 1107 girls) participated in this...
The Brain and Movement: How Physical Activity Affects the Brain
In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the importance of movement for the human body, from the improvement of cardiovascular effi cacy to the enhancement of muscular functions, metabolic balance, and organ syste...
How Grit is Related to Objectively Measured Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in School Student
This study aimed to estimate parameters of the model in which perseverance of effort and consistency of interest of grit scale are related directly to objectively measured physical activity (PA) and indirectly via PA int...