RELIGIOSITY AND TOLERANCE IN MENA COUNTRIES: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS
Journal Title: European Journal of Business and Social Sciences - Year 2016, Vol 4, Issue 12
Abstract
Tolerance is an awareness of the diversity of race, religion, language, life styles, choices, and values and accepting these natural diversities of human beings. The concept of tolerance is an essential component of modern society and democracy. The present study investigates the effects of religiosity and various socioeconomic variables on nine different tolerance topics for Middle Eastern and Northern African (MENA) countries using the latest Worlds Values Survey (WVS) database. A polychoric principal component analysis was employed on tolerance variables to reduce dimensionality. Using two deduced tolerance components, a multilevel analysis was performed. The findings reveal that religiosity has a negative effect on social tolerance; however, it has no convincing effect on racial and religious tolerance. In contrast, the education level of an individual has no effect on social tolerance, while education has a positive effect on racial and religious tolerance.
Authors and Affiliations
Özlem Yorulmaz| Istanbul University Faculty of Economics, Department of Econometrics Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: yorulmaz@istanbul.edu.tr Tel:+90 212 440 00 00-11660
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW IN THE MOVIES
No Abstract
What Makes Brand Extension Successful: An Empirical Study of Direct and Indirect Effect
Purpose of this study is to explore how brand extension's success gets influenced by direct and interaction effects. From past literature, we understand key success factors, but we don't know the dynamics of their dir...
AN INVESTIGATION ON FACTORS CONTRIBUTING INTO PREVENTION OF TAX OFFICERS FROM BEING FINANCIALLY CORRUPTED (CASE STUDY: IRANIAN MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS AND FINANCE)
The present research is aimed at investigating the factors contributing into prevention of tax officers from financial corruption (case study: Iranian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (MEAF)). Statistical popu...
IMPACT OF COMPENSATION AND REWARD SYSTEM ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ORGANIZATION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON BANKING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN
The most important resource of an organization is human resource. In an overall performance of an organization it is very important to retain an efficient and effective workforce. Motivated employees can add value to...
EXOGENOUS AND DIRECT OBSERVABLE FACTORS AFFECTING ATTITUDE – CASE STUDY ON ROMANIAN CAR MARKET
Attitude is the process that influences in the most visible way the actual consumption behavior, considering all consumer behavior processes. Although theorists have studied for the last century how attitude is formed...