RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN POLISH CONSTITUTIONS UNTIL THE MID-19TH CENTURY
Journal Title: Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego - Year 2010, Vol 13, Issue 13
Abstract
The literature on the subject claims that in pre-partition Poland until the 18th century individual choices of denomination were disapproved of. Religion was considered a component of the ideological state order. For political reasons, religious minorities were to some extent autonomous in their private religious expression, which was not the case in the public domain. Toleration of infidel cults goes back to Casimir the Great. The issue of religious freedom and, what follows, religious toleration was strongly and successfully promoted by the liberal trends of the 18th century Enlightenment. Religious belonging was to a lesser extent decisive in the sphere of public rights. In this context, the Constitution of 3rd May 1791 may be assessed as moderately progressive. The constitution safeguarded the precedence, i.e. legal privilege, of the Roman Catholic religion, at the same time allowing for freedom of denomination. The solutions adopted in the Constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw of 1807 went a step forward and fostered equal rights for denominations. On the other hand, the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland of 1815 was more liberal and national, however less democratic. Under the Organic Statute of the Kingdom of Poland of 1832, the legal status of religion and Roman Catholic Church was hardly altered.
Authors and Affiliations
Zdzisław Zarzycki
Keywords
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