Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)
Journal Title: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease - Year 2016, Vol 6, Issue 12
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the repellent efficacy of the creams formulated from methanol extract and n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions as well as essential oils of Annona senegalensis (A. senegalensis) and Boswellia dalzielii (B. dalzielii) leaves against the malarial vector Anopheles gambiae (An. gambiae) in the laboratory. Methods: The efficacies of 25% w/w active ingredient creams formulated from the plant-based products were tested. Different concentrations of the creams, ranging from 2.0 to 12.0 mg/ cm²were applied on the exposed dorsal hand area (25 cm2) of volunteers. The treated hands were submitted to 50 caged blood-starved females of An. gambiae for 3 min after every 30 min until 180 min. Results: Total protection of up to 120 and 60 min without bites of An. gambiae were recorded with n-hexane creams applied at 12 mg/cm2 respectively for A. senegalensis and B. dalzielii. The essential oil creams of the two tested plants applied at 6 mg/cm2 protected volunteers up to 120 min without mosquito bites. The commercial Odomos cream (12% N,N-diethyl- 3-methylbenzamide) tested as the positive control at 6 mg/cm2 protected volunteers from mosquito bites up to180 min. Conclusions: These results suggest that the cream formulated from the n-hexane fraction of A. senegalensis and essential oil creams of A. senegalensis and B. dalzielii leaves have the potential of a natural herbal source for the development of new, safe and eco-friendly repellent products to prevent An. gambiae bites.
Surveillance for low pathogenic avian inflenza viruses in live-bird markets in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria
Objective: To conduct sero-epidemiological and virological surveillance for lowly pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) in apparently healthy birds slaughtered at live-bird markets (LBMs) in Southwestern Nigeria. Meth...
Mites and spiders act as biological control agent to sand flies
Objective: To find out natural biological control agents of sand flies vector of kala azar in Bihar, India. Methods: Sand flies collected from the field using CDC light trap installing overnight to the collection site sc...
Pilot study of salivary butyrylcholinesterase, phosphodiesterase, thiols and cerulopalsmin in auditory neuropathy
Objective: To estimate butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), phosphodiesterase (PDE), thiols and cerulopalsmin by non - invasive means in saliva a of subjects (both cases and controls) and correlated to their hearing sensitivity...
Mid-face location of primary basal cell carcinoma related to cancer aggressivity
Objective: To study the aggressiveness of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the mid-face location. Methods: A total of 30 patients were diagnosed using specimen biopsy with hematoxylineosin stain at Moewardi Public Hospital...
Quantitative determination, Metal analysis and Antiulcer evaluation of Methanol seeds extract of Citrullus lanatus Thunb (Cucurbitaceae) in Rats
Objective: The use of herbs in treatment of diseases is gradually becoming universally accepted especially in non industrialized societies. Citrullus lanatus Thunb (Cucurbitaceae) commonly called water melon is widely co...