Abstract

Obesity is recognized as a disease entity due to the damage that dysfunctional abdominal visceral fat can cause. Body shape and fat distribution are more predictive of future disease than Weight and Body Mass Index (BMI). An apple-shaped figure, as opposed to a pear-shaped figure, correlates to a greater Waist-To-Hip ratio and greater health risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The Centers for Disease Control defines obesity in relation to the BMI. However, the BMI can overestimate obesity since it neglects accounting for lean body muscle. The Waist-To-Hip Ratio (WHR) and Waist Circumference (WC) are better alternatives than the BMI to measure body shape. An innovative taxonomy called the 'Riopelle Fat Type Level' has been proposed to describe the hybrid measurements of WHR and WC, relate them to disease risk, and provide a motivational strategy to help middle-aged men navigate towards healthier lifestyles and longevity.

Authors and Affiliations