Risk Factors and Outcome of Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Journal Title: The Indian Practitioner - Year 2016, Vol 68, Issue 11
Abstract
Background and objective Diabetic foot ulcers result from a combination of vasculopathy, neuropathy and infections. The present study was aimed at identifying the demographics, clinical and biochemical risk factors for development of foot ulcer in diabetic subjects and their association with the macro and micro-vascular complications of Diabetes.The outcomes with respect to healing and requirement of amputation were also studied Methods This was a cross sectional study conducted at a charitable tertiary care centre over a period of 18 months. Patients witha diabetic foot ulcer that had not healed for more than 14 days (n=106) were included in the study. Diabetic patients with pressure sores (bed ridden patients) and with major trauma causing ulcers were excluded from the study. Patients who failed to follow up were also excluded from the analysis. All patients were initially examined in detail clinically and evaluated for micro and macro vascular complications of diabetes and followed up for wound outcomes Results In this study, diabetic foot ulcers were found in the 5th decade and men were affected more often than women. Ischemic heart disease and Cerebro-vascular accidents were present in 36.7% and 18.9 % and Retinopathy and Nephropathy were present in 19.8 % and 43.4% patients respectively. Deep, infected ulcers were associated with increased incidence of non-healing, greater number of amputations and higher mortality. The highest mortality (53.8%) was seen in smokers and alcoholics. Increased WBC count, raised creatinine, proteinurea and high HbA1c were associated with amputations and mortality. On Binary multiple logistic regression analysis it was found that duration of diabetes, stage of diabetic ulcer, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy were independent predictors of ulcer healing and mortality.
Authors and Affiliations
S D Chiraniya, S P Pawar, S Yadav, N D Moulick
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP586054
- DOI -
- Views 50
- Downloads 0
Still Fighting Against Tropical Diseases in the 21st Century! Dengue – A Concern During Pregnancy Especially In Working Women
Dengue is one of the most prevalent mosquito born infection worldwide. Dengue fever is a viral disease spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which bites during daylight hours. The disease is common in tropic and subtropi...
Chronic Mesenteric Ischaemia due to Diffuse Atherosclerosis
In more than 95% of patients, the cause of mesenteric ischaemia is diffuse atherosclerotic disease which decreases the flow of blood to the bowel. As the atherosclerotic disease progresses, symptoms worsen. We present a...
Antimicrobials in Clinical Practice : An Overview
Antimicrobials are the major contribution of the current century to medical sciences. It includes both synthetic as well as naturally obtained agents that attenuate pathogens. Antibiotics (a term commonly used for antiba...
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria with Common & Carotid Artery Thrombosis & Antiphospolipid Antibody Syndrome – An Unusual Presentation
In recent years, the association between infection & anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome have been reported in several epidemiologic & experimental studies that support the idea of infectious induction of Anti-phospholip...
Maternal risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus A case control study in a tertiary care setting of Delhi
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been observed to be associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. GDM is becoming a public health concern globally as well as in India with fast increasi...