Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- The Need of the Hour
Journal Title: Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 12
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is an important public health problem, one of four priority non communicable diseases (NCDs) targeted for action by world leaders. The global prevalence (age-standardized) of diabetes has nearly doubled since 1980, rising from 4.7% to 8.5% in the adult population. This reflects an increase in associated risk factors such as being overweight or obese. The aim of the present study is to determine the various risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: The present cross sectional prospective study was conducted in the department of medicine, T.S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow during a period of 1 year. There were a total of 150 cases that were diabetic and 120 controls who were non diabetic. The American diabetes association criteria was used to classify diabetes subjects. Subjects having fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L were considered as diabetic. All the participants were made to fill a questionnaire. All the data obtained was arranged in a tabulated form. The results were expressed as mean +/- Standard deviation. Student t test was used to compare the results. Probability value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: There were 21 cases (14%) and 25 controls (20.8%) that were less than 40 years of age. There were 32 cases (21.3%) and 37 controls (30.8%) that were 41-55 years of age. Amongst cases, 27.3% were normal, 35.3% were overweight and 37.3% were obese. Amongst controls, 60.8% were normal, 20% were overweight and 19.2% were obese. The mean triglyceride level amongst cases was 1.68±0.05 mmol/L and controls were 1.37±0.05 mmol/L. The p value came out to be more than 0.05. The mean serum glucose amongst cases and controls was 11.30±0.30 mmol/L and 6.06±0.44 mmol/L respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic pressure amongst cases was 134.07±1.15 mm Hg and 81.62±0.65 mm Hg. It was 119.75±0.97 mm Hg and 73.70±0.61 mm Hg amongst the controls. Conclusion: From the above study it can be concluded that presence of family history of diabetes is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Various other risk factors include increase in BMI, lack of physical activity, increase in blood pressure and increase level of triglyceride and cholesterol.
Authors and Affiliations
Amitabh Agarwal, Prabhakar Singh Bais
Keywords
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