Robotic-Assisted Transanal Surgery for Rectal Schwannoma: A case report

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Robotic-Assisted Transanal Surgery for Rectal Schwannoma: A case report

Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 9, Issue 5

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this stud was to present a case with uncommon rectal schwannoma undergoing robotic transanal surgery. Background: Gastrointestinal schwannomas are uncommon and in particular, rectal schwannomas are even rarer. It is well established that schwannomas, nerve sheath tumors originating from Schwann cells, appear more frequently in the stomach and in the small intestine. Postoperative staining positive for S-100 protein and negative for smooth muscle markers, such as actin and desmin is essential for diagnosis. Traditional surgery requires resection of the rectum and patients are faced with longer hospital stay but robotic-assisted transanal approach enhanced faster recovery and shorter hospital stay. Case Description: A 47-year-old female was found to have one rectal tumor during digital rectal examination performed as part of a health examination. Colonoscopy showed one submucosal mass with intact mucosa with hard consistency by forceps touching at 10 cm above anal verge. Transanal robotic-assisted tumor excision was done with final pathology showing rectal schwannoma. A 47-year-old female was found to have one rectal tumor during digital rectal examination performed as part of a health examination and was admitted to hospital for complete work-up. She had no symptoms and her laboratory data were within the normal limits. Colonoscopy showed one submucosal mass with intact mucosa with hard consistency by forceps touching at 10 cm above anal verge (Figure 1A). Magnetic resonance imaging showed one nodular lesion (3.3 x 3.0 x 2.5 cm in size) at right aspect of lower rectum with characteristics of iso-signal intensity on T1W images (Figure 1B & Figure1E), slight bright signal intensity on T2W images and heterogeneous enhancement (Figure 1C & Figure 1F). There was no regional lymph node enlargement. Based on these findings, a tentative clinical diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) of rectum was made, and the patient underwent a robotic transanal tumor in toto excision (Figure 1D). The patient was in jack-knife position after general anesthesia and Gelpoint path ® was placed into anus. After pneumorectum at pressure of 10 mmHg and da Vinci was docked for transanal minimal invasive surgery to remove the submucosal tumor and the wound was closed. Histologic examination revealed a submucosal nodular lesion composed of proliferative spindle tumor cells with plump wavy nuclei in short fascicles and thick collagen deposition (Figure 2A). Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells are diffusely positive for S100 protein (Figure 2B) and negative for CD34 (Figure 2C), desmin (Figure 2D) and CD117 (c-kit) (Figure 2E). A schwannoma is diagnosed pathologically. The resection margins were free of tumor cells. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged 2 days after the operation. Discussion Schwannomas are nerve sheath tumors originating from Schwann cells. These lesions were first described by Herrera et al a group of Gastrointestinal Autonomic Nerve Tumors (GANTs) in 1984 [1]. Gastrointestinal schwannomas are uncommon and in particular, rectal schwannomas are rare [2]. In fact, it is well established that schwannomas appear more frequently in the stomach and in the small intestine [3]. In the current case, although preoperative tentative diagnosis of the submucosal tumor suggested a GIST, postoperative staining positive for S-100 protein, as in our case, and negative for smooth muscle markers, such as actin and desmin, which are positive in myogenic tumors is essential for differential diagnosis. Despite no report on malignant rectal schwannomas in the English literature, it is generally a benign tumor with a local recurrence of 30% after incomplete excision or 2% of distant metastasis [4]. We herein report a rare case of rectal schwannoma which was successfully treated by robotic transanal scarless surgery. This procedure is primarily used for local excision of selected benign and low-grade malignant tumor of the lower, middle and upper rectum via the natural orifice. Da Vinci ® platform, is designed to overcome the shortcomings of traditional open and laparoscopic transanal surgery due to the increased range of motion, dexterity and most importantly the addition of second traction that is required for faster dissection, gain of adequate margin and depth in order to perform complete resection. Local excision using a robotic-assisted approach is a feasible surgical approach for benign rectal tumors such as small GIST and schwannoma.

Authors and Affiliations

Yan Jiun Huang, Wei Lin Wang, Po Li Wei

Keywords

Rectal schwannoma Robotic surgery Colonoscopy Nodular lesion Submucosal tumor GIST Transanal robotic-assisted T1W images Magnetic resonance imaging Da Vinci

EP ID EP587865
DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.09.001871
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