Role of biomarkers in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in neonates
Journal Title: Postępy Nauk Medycznych - Year 2013, Vol 26, Issue 2
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is sudden, usually reversible renal dysfunction with reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and impaired of renal ability to maintain homeostasis. Acute kidney injury is associated with increased risk for poor outcome in critically ill neonates. Precise incidence of AKI in neonates is unknown, literature data suggest that this condition is diagnosed in 8-24% of all critically ill newborns. Despite significant advances in the therapeutics the mortality rate is still high and ranging between 10-61%.<br>Underestimation of AKI in the neonatal period may be caused by the specific clinical course – more commonly nonoliguric than oliguric and the use of creatinine as the only biochemical marker of kidney disfunction. Serum creatinine is known as a late marker of renal failure.<br>In this article authors present the classification of AKI in neonates with etiology and clinical presentation and summarize the diagnostic performance of the early predictive biomarkers of AKI: cystatin C (CysC), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipokalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), interleukin-18 (IL-18), liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP). They indicate the use of novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of AKI allows to detect preclinical kidney damage in the neonatal period.<br>Further studies are required in large neonates populations that would identify optimal panels of diagnostic tests for AKI, allowing better patient selection, more rapid introduction of specific treatment, and improvement in prognosis.
Authors and Affiliations
Maria Roszkowska-Blaim, Agnieszka Kisiel
Keywords
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