Role of Microbiome-gut-brain axis in Depression
Journal Title: Global Journal of Research and Review - Year 2017, Vol 4, Issue 2
Abstract
The Microbiota-gut-brain axis is an emerging belief pertaining to the way the microbial population in the gut corresponds with the human brain and alters neuropsychiatric functions and mood. This bilateral communication occurs through neural (vagus nerve), hormonal, immunological and neuroendocrine networks [1]. The 104 Microbiota harboring the human intestinal tract confer a symbiotic relationship, the most numerous of which are the Firmicutes and Bacteroides, with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia following soon after [2]. Depressive episodes associated with the link between microbiota and Hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis were demonstrated by comparing Germ-free mice having increased levels of corticosterone and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) levels, and House specific-Pathogen-free mice with reduced stress hormones due to probiotic effects [3,4]. The hygiene hypothesis states that the normal maturation of HPA needs exposure to commensal colonialism during early life to ensure normal development of the stress signaling pathway. Inhabited commensal microbiota produces mood-stabilizing neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from monosodium glutamate, norepinefrin, serotonin, and dopamine.
Authors and Affiliations
Usama K Choudry
Keywords
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- DOI 10.21767/2393-8854.100018
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