Role of Ultrasonography and Ultrasound Elastography in the Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules
Journal Title: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research - Year 2018, Vol 12, Issue 12
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Thyroid nodules are frequently encountered with its Incidence is increasing steadily. Most nodules are benign and <5% of nodules are malignant. High-Resolution Ultrasonography (HRUS) is the most sensitive imaging test available for the examination of the thyroid gland to detect thyroid lesions accurately. Ultrasonography (US) is relatively cheap, easily accessible, rapidly performed and has an advantage of no exposure to ionising radiation. Sonoelastography (SE) is a relatively new non-invasive technique for imaging stiffness or elasticity of the tissue by measuring movement or deformation of tissue in response to a small applied pressure. Aim: To assess the diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasonography, colour mapping and strain ratio using SE for characterising thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted from October 2015 to August 2017 in which 65 patients were examined. All age group patients who were referred for thyroid ultrasonography and detected to have a thyroid nodule which was subsequently confirmed by FNA/histopathology were included in the study. Test of significance was assessed using the chi-square test, p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: FNA/HPE revealed 14 (21.5%) malignant (six papillary carcinomas, three poorly differentiated carcinoma, two anaplastic carcinomas and three follicular carcinomas) and 51 (78.5%) benign nodules. Out of these 14, 13 (92.9%) cases were found in patients above 50 years and only 1 (7.1%) case was found below 50 years. Calculation of strain ratio was done between the thyroid nodule and the surrounding thyroid tissue at the same depth. Significant differences were seen between the strain ratios for the benign and malignant lesions (p<.001). By using ultrasound elastography score malignancy was seen in 81.3% of malignant nodules. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is a cost-effective modality of imaging and also the investigation of choice in thyroid nodules. Elastography has proven to be a good adjunct tool in assisting USG in the diagnosis and differentiation of benign versus malignant nodules.
Authors and Affiliations
Muthiah Nachiappan, Vinaya Poornima, Ashvini Kumar, Sonali D Prabhu, Ravi Raj Singh Chouhan
Effect of a Multi-Component Exercise Program on Functional Mobility, Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in Older Adults
Introduction: Older people have limitations in their functional and regenerative abilities, and are more prone to diseases and infirmities, when compared to younger adults. Ageing is seen to decrease physical fitness, wh...
Morphological and Morphometric Study of Coronary Sinus in North Indian Population
Introduction: Coronary sinus (CS) is the largest vein draining the blood from heart. It is a muscular tube of about 2 cm to 3 cm length and 1 cm in caliber. It has become a clinically important structure through its role...
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment vs. Hall Technique for Occlusoproximal Lesions in Primary Dentition-An In vivo Study
Abstract Introduction: The economically deprived community often face significant barriers in accessing dental care and children too have unmet dental needs. The occlusoproximal surfaces of primary molars are more prone...
Subcutaneous Cryptococcosis Mimicking Cold Abscess
ABSTRACT Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by the yeast belonging to the Cryptococcus species which includes broadly two categories Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. It most commonly affects the...
Effect of Vitamin C Supplementation on Anthropometric Measurements, Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices in Obese and Non Obese Individuals
ABSTRACT Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is increasing day by day in India. Since obesity is associated with occurrence of oxidative stress, antioxidants can be used to treat the obesity and overcome associated...