Role of Various Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment
Journal Title: Diseases & Research - Year 2023, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has numerous promotive and suppressive effects on tumor growth. The TME harbors adaptive and innate immune cells such as T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. The development, survival, and invasion of tumor cells at the tumor site are accompanied by various interactions with several biomolecules and cells. Identification of cells and molecules, differences between their roles in classical immune system and those that operate in the TME enhances the understanding of biological principles governing cancer cell mobility and plasticity to survive in adverse conditions against various defensive immune cells. Understanding the role of cellular and non-cellular components of TME in tumor growth and metastasis (pro and anti-tumor) is essential in designing appropriate molecular targeted therapies. Possibly, the accumulated knowledge would allow us to develop strategies to overcome major therapeutic barriers that operate in the TME such as cancer immune escape, stromal challenges, antigen escape, and invasion regulated by genetic and epigenetic modifications in the tumor cells and immunosuppressive TME. There are still many unknowns about the diversity, plasticity, modulators of adaptive and innate immune cells, and the mechanisms of cancer escape from immune cell surveillance. This review accounts for current understanding of immune cells’ function and their cross interaction in the TME.
Authors and Affiliations
Anjali Bhargav, Nishka Bhalla, Sneha Manoharan, Gurbind Singh, Sandeep Kumar Yadav, Aloukick Kumar Singh
Updating CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy for Liquid and Solid Tumor
According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 report, there is still a 50% mortality rate observed in cancer patients despite the availability of various innovative cancer therapies. This highlights the need for specific therapies that...
The Clinical Feature of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with High HBV pgRNA
ackground and Aims At present, nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) is usually used to treat chronic hepatitis B, but there are still some patients with high levels of pgRNA after long-term treatment. We tried to study the clinic...
Application of Immunoenhancing Radiotherapy in Treating Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report
Unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma currently lacks standard treatment methods. This report presents a case where PET/CT scans showed a subcapsular mass in the right posterior lobe of the liver measuring 6.2 cm...
Anti-Cancer Agents Work in Antagonism with Inhibitors of HSP 72
Purpose The heat shock genes are evidenced to be active in the migration and are major promoters of several human malignancies. The inclined expression of HSP 72 proteins play an inevitable role in protecting cancer cell...
Determination of mRNA Targets of miR-376c within the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex
Background The focus of the present study was to establish an easy combined method based on the MirTrap system together with a mRNA array to efficiently define target mRNAs which can be bound by miR-376 within the RNA-in...