SACRED-KNIGHTLY ORDERS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE
Journal Title: Наукові праці. Серія "Історія" - Year 2016, Vol 274, Issue 262
Abstract
Sacred-knightly orders are military-monastic organizations of knights that were created in the period of Crusades in XII–XIII centuries. The main purposes were: wars against unfaithful and spreading of Catholicism. Soon orders could become secular. All of them had strict regulations. Structure of sacred-knightly orders was hierarchical. Each order was headed by Great Master. He was elected for life and approved by Pontifex. Principals of provinces (priors), marshals and commanders submitted to Great Master. All of them were representatives of General chapter which was convened periodically and had legislature. Order of knights-monks had hierarchical structure. Brothersknights were primary. Squires and chaplains were next to them. Each order was headed by Great Master who was elected for life. Authority of Great Master was large. Council of other higher officials was near Masters. Periodically meetings of general chapters of brothers-knights were gathered. Orders could be divided among territories where monasteries were situated. Orders were submitted to Pontifex. After entering into order knights became monks. They took vows of humility, poorness and celibacy. 12 sacredknightly orders appeared in Europe from 1100 to 1300 years. The most resistant orders were Knights Templas, Order of Hospitallers and Teutonic Order. Each order had its symbol that was disposed on clothes. White cloak with red octagonal cross was a symbol of Knights Templas. Order of Hospitallers took as a symbol white octagonal cross that was disposed on the left shoulder of black mantle. White cloak with black cross was a symbol of Teutonic Order. Two of these orders exist nowadays. They are Order of Hospitallers and Teutonic Order.
Authors and Affiliations
Н. Vysotska
Keywords
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