Salivary Anti-50 kDa Antibodies as a Useful Biomarker for Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever
Journal Title: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research - Year 2017, Vol 11, Issue 6
Abstract
Introduction: Typhoid fever remains a scourge of humanity, especially in developing and under-developed countries due to poor sanitation and food hygiene. Diagnostic methods available for detection of this disease are not satisfactory due to a lack of sensitive, specific, rapid and convenient diagnostic test kits available in the market. Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of a Dot-EIA method for Ig-class specific salivary antibody detection for diagnosis of typhoid fever. Materials and Methods: Paired saliva and serum samples were collected in the year 2010 from patients and normal volunteers in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, which is endemic for typhoid fever. A total of 11 culture-confirmed typhoid fever patients, 43 non-typhoid fever patients and 53 normal human control subjects were evaluated for antibodies against a 50 kDa antigen specific for Salmonella Typhi using Dot-EIA. Results: Ig class-specific screening of the test samples showed a higher sensitivity for IgA (90.9%) compared to either IgG (72.7%) or IgM (72.7%) antibodies in saliva, but for serum, IgG (90.9%) had a higher degree of sensitivity compared to IgA (36.4%) and IgM (63.6%). Combining all isotypes (IgA, IgG or IgM), serum showed a higher sensitivity (100.0%) compared to saliva (90.9%). Also, the specificity for serum (100.0%) was much higher than saliva (85.4%). Conclusion: Salivary IgA anti-50kDa antibody was found to be more suitable biomarker for routine screening, whereas serum IgG was more suitable for confirmatory test as it has higher specificity. Nevertheless, salivary IgA Dot-EIA is a convenient method for rapid testing, such as for Point-of-Care Diagnostics (POCD) and field epidemiological studies, due to its non-invasive nature and ease of use.
Authors and Affiliations
Nur Eliyana Mohd Redhuan, Kai Ling Chin, Azreen Syazril Adnan, Asma Ismail, Prabha Balaram, Kia Kien Phua
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP347596
- DOI 10.7860/JCDR/2017/21928.10055
- Views 59
- Downloads 0
To Evaluate the Correlation Between Skeletal and Dental Parameters to the Amount of Crowding in Class II Div. 1 Malocclusions
Introduction: Crowding of teeth is one of the most common problem that motivates the patient to seek orthodontic treatment. Determination of etiology of crowding could have a significant effect on treatment planning and...
Effect of Intraperitoneal Injection of Saffron on the Treatment of Experimental Endotoxin Induced Uveitis in the Rabbit
Introduction: Saffron with scientific name of “Crocus sativus” from the family “Iridaceae” is a plant without stem and root. Antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects of saffron has been demonstrated in different studie...
Assessment of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Vanillic Acid Treated 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a] anthracene Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis
Introduction: Vanillic acid, a naturally occurring bioactive substance, possesses diverse pharmacological potential including free radical scavenging and anticancer properties. Excessive generation of Reactive Oxygen Spe...
Effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care in Reducing Pain during Minor Procedures in Preterm Neonates
ABSTRACT Introduction: Premature babies admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are subjected to many painful invasive procedures. The exposure to pain leads to immediate and long term changes in the structure an...
Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Adolescent Girls in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Introduction: Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is a global health problem. It involves population of all age group and sex. But adolescent girls are more vulnerable to it. The reasons may be increased iron demand, menstrual...