Simulation, Development and Evaluation of an Autonomous Robotic Boat Used in Aquacultures
Journal Title: Journal of Agricultural Machinery - Year 2021, Vol 11, Issue 2
Abstract
IntroductionAs the world population grows up, the quantity and quality of human food must be improved. The production yield of marine aquaculture and farming of aquatic organisms, as a valuable source of food, will be increased. Regular and online monitoring of the physical, chemical, and biological qualities of water and environmental parameters in such these controlled environments can be achieved by using advanced world technologies, such as autonomous boats. In this study, simulation of an autonomous boat has been done to help better understanding and control of this type of vessel in various environments such as dams, ports, rivers, aquatic ecosystems, and aquaculture. Hence, the main goal of this paper is to simulate and evaluate the guidance and navigation system of an autonomous boat based on the Fourth order of Runge-Kutta for determining the changes of water quality indices in a fish farming ponds.Materials and Methods In order to achieve the main goal of this study, an autonomous boat was designed and built. This boat as a general-purpose robotic trimaran boat has dimensions of 110 cm x 37 cm x40 cm and is made of Plexiglas 2 mm thick. Maximum forward speed of the boat is 125 cm s-1 (at 6850 rpm of brushless motors) and the turning radius is less than 61 cm. The environmental data can be transferred using Internet of Things (IOT), smartphones, SMS, and mini PC. The position and heading of the boat are determined using GPS and IMU data. The hydrodynamic and aerodynamic forces, moments, and coefficients of the boat model are determined and then applied in the mathematical simulation as the input of classic Runge-Kutta (RK4). The performance of the robotic boat navigational and control systems evaluated in a rectangular track with a length of 20 m and a width of 15 m in a fish farming pond in Karaj and 4 waypoints. The local coordinates of four corner of the mentioned rectangular in the pond was (0, 0), (0, 20), (15, 20), and (15, 0). The purpose of control system was to conduct the actuators in such way that boat be able to go to the next point. When the boat reaches the target distance of one m of the desired point, the next point will be introduced as a new target. The set point of boat speed was 0.4 m s-1 and zero state vector was [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]. Results and DiscussionThe maximum error of position and heading of the autonomous boat is 135 cm and 11 degrees, respectively. Also, in the speed PID controller test (40 cm s-1), the average and standard deviation of the speed calculated as 40 cm s-1 and 2 cm s-1, respectively. Maximum difference between the heading obtained from the Kalman filter and received from the GPS is 11 degrees. In some situations that high precision of heading angle is not required, the GPS data can provide such accuracy of the heading. Among the variables of longitudinal, latitude, time to reach the target area, yaw rate, heading, and forward speed the minimum and maximum of percentage error are related to forward speed and yaw rate, respectively. These values show good performance of the simulated model and PID controllers.Conclusion In this study, motion simulation and evaluation of a robotic boat was carried out using a model boat and MATLAB software. The mathematical model simulated the real boat behavior correctly and the boat can be used safely in fish farming ponds to monitor environmental conditions and water quality.
Authors and Affiliations
H. Abdolmaleki,A. Jafari,H. Mousazadeh,A. Hajiahmad,
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP718012
- DOI https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.v11i2.78325
- Views 92
- Downloads 0
Optimization of Refinement Operations of Sugarcane Harvester Hydraulic Oil
The purpose of this study was to model and optimize the offline refinement operations of sugarcane harvester hydraulic oil using RSM. For this purpose, the effects of independent variables of operating hours (250, 500 an...
Investigation of the Effects of Irrigation and Nutrient Treatments on Biophysical and Biomechanical Properties of Safflower Seed
Safflower is a strategic plant regarding to its valuable nutrition value (45% extractable oil) and industrial uses. Due to massive import of edible oil to the country as well as high potential for safflower cultivation,...
Optimization of Biogas Production Efficiency from Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste under Thermal Pretreatment at Different Concentrations
IntroductionSince anaerobic digestion leads to the recovery of energy and nutrients from waste, it is considered the most sustainable method for treating the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes.However, due to the...
Identification and Counting of Two Important Greenhouse Pests by Image Processing, Case Study: Whitefly and Thrips
Introduction Lack of water resources, increasing demands for food, the optimal use of water and land, and food security are of the most important reasons for the development of greenhouses in the country. The benefits of...
Optimization and Analysis of a λ-Formed Straight Line Linkage for Design of Reversible Disk Plow.
Disk plows are one of the most important tillage tools. Two way (reversible) disk plows can perform continues plowing. So they can save time and costs and hence improve overall efficiency. In this study, a “two-way” disk...