SMAD family proteins: the current knowledge on their expression and potential role in neoplastic diseases
Journal Title: Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine - Year 2014, Vol 68, Issue
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays a crucial role and takes part in many processes in the human body both in physiology and pathology. This cytokine is involved in angiogenesis, regulates apoptosis and stimulates divisions of cells, such as hepatocytes, lymphocytes or hematopoietic cells. SMAD proteins family is a unique group of particles responsible for transducting the signal induced by TGF-β into the nucleus. This molecules, after receiving a signal from activated TGF-β, act on transcription factors in the nucleus, leading directly to the expression of the corresponding genes. According to current knowledge, disturbances in the functioning of SMAD proteins are present in a number of diseases. The reduced expression was observed, for example in cardiovascular diseases such as primary pulmonary hypertension or myocardial infarction, autoimmune diseases for instance systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease or osteoporosis. The latest clinical data showed the presence of mutations in SMAD proteins in cancerogenesis. Mutation of SMAD-4 protein can be detected in half of the patients with pancreatic cancer, 20% of patients with colorectal cancer and 10% of patients with lung cancer. However, mutation in SMAD-2 protein was observed in 7% of both patients with colorectal cancer and lung cancer. On the basis of numerous works, SMAD protein expression would be valuable prognostic factor in some of neoplastic diseases.
Authors and Affiliations
Magdalena Witkowska, Piotr Smolewski
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP67318
- DOI -
- Views 164
- Downloads 0
Znaczenie badań farmakogenetycznych w efektywności leczenia metotreksatem chorych na reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów (część 2)
Obecnie dużą nadzieję wiąże się z indywidualizacją leczenia chorych na reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów (RZS). Trwają poszukiwania markerów biochemicznych i klinicznych, dzięki którym można by przewidzieć dobrą odpowiedź...
Radioprotektory w radioterapii – postępy w dziedzinie możliwości wykorzystania fitozwiązków
Radioterapia, obok chemioterapii, jest obecnie podstawową metodą leczenia chorób nowotworowych, opierającą się na niszczeniu komórek zmienionych nowotworowo przez promieniowanie jonizujące. Niestety, promieniowanie równi...
The influence of selected cytokine gene polymorphisms on the occurrence of acute and chronic rejection and on kidney graft survival
Genetically determined interindividual differences in the production of mediators of immune response may influence the outcomes of kidney transplantation. Of the cytokine gene polymorphisms that determine the level of ge...
The investigation of specific biochemical markers in monitoring kidney function of drug addicts
Introduction: An increasingly important issue in the Polish population is drug abuse. It leads to extensive damage of parenchymal organs, including kidney. Establishing early markers of organ damage and their monitoring...
Białka mleka ludzkiego zaangażowane w procesy immunologiczne
Mleko matki zawiera wiele cząsteczek (m.in. białka, węglowodany, lipidy, związki nieorganiczne), które dostarczają noworodkom podstawowych składników budulcowych w pierwszym okresie ich życia. Skład jakościowy związków o...