Small Brain Vessels Disease
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 19, Issue 4
Abstract
Small vessel disease is a disorder of cerebral micro vessels that causes hyperintensities of the white matter and other frequent alterations, such as small subcortical infarcts and recent lacunae, which can be seen in brain imaging studies. Despite being a frequent cause of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) and dementia, the underlying pathogenesis is not well understood. Several manifestations of endothelial dysfunction of brain micro vessels were identified, including blood-brain barrier dysfunction, vasodilation involvement, vessel stiffness, blood flow dysfunction and drainage of interstitial fluid and rarefaction of the white matter, ischemia, inflammation, alteration of myelin and secondary neurodegeneration. The relationships between injuries and symptoms are very variable, but they are little known. It is an important challenge to determine which vascular functions are more important in the pathogenesis, which anomalies are reversible and to which the variability of the progression of the lesions and the symptomatology is dueb. Small vessel disease is a disorder of the small perforating arterioles, capillaries and probably cerebral venules, which causes various lesions that can be observed in the anatomopathological examination, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computerized Tomography (CT) of the brain. The typical lesions of the small vessels are hyperintensities of the white matter of presumed vascular origin, lacunae, microhemorrhages, superficial siderosis, perivascular spaces and microinfarcts. Many affected people remain asymptomatic, but the increase in the number and type of injuries and the combination thereof are associated with cognitive deterioration, dementia, depression, mobility problems, increased risk of stroke (CVA) and worse evolution after a ACV. Other typical lesions of small vessel disease are small subcortical infarcts (or lagoons) and cerebral hemorrhage, which manifest with CVA.
Authors and Affiliations
Dra Mirta D’Ambra, Ilie Vasiliv, Mark Karindas
Keywords
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- EP ID EP622611
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.19.003355
- Views 166
- Downloads 0
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