SOIL COMPONENT VECTORS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN SILESIAN BESKIDS
Journal Title: ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF POLISH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES - Year 2010, Vol 13, Issue 2
Abstract
The soil is an irreplaceable ecological factor in forests where it participates in the nutrition of tree species and in their overall health status. Whether the predisposition roles of soils are manifested as multivariate sets of mutually interacting variables was tested on examples of the multivariate evaluation of properties of forest floor, top-soil and diagnostic horizons in the area of the Silesian Beskids afflicted by the decline of spruce stands. The material was collected in eleven selected spruce, spruce-beech and beech stands where samples of Cambisols, Podzols and Stagnosols were taken. Using the principal component analysis (PCA) we compared soil pH, passive parts of the sorption complex from extraction in BaCl[sub]2[/sub], soil carbon and nitrogen, total element contents and hydrophysical properties in the particular horizons. Factor analysis separated mutually correlative subsets (d) from the spectrum of variables. Component weights were transformed to d-dimensional vectors (CV). For each vector its angular deviation from the central plane was determined. The goniometric relation |CV|/sina made it possible to compare the variables of horizons in factor planes by the analysis of variance. The synergies of three multivariate factors were found out. In the forest floor the pedomorphic factor set based on the characteristics of litterfall is the most important. In mineral horizons the roles of mineral-predisposition and hydrophysical factors are also significant. Differences in cation exchange capacity, total carbon and total iron cause the relatively largest permanent differences among the investigated horizons and probably reflect the overall spatial diversity of soil units in the area concerned.
Authors and Affiliations
Pavel Samec, Dušan Vavříček, Jan Bojko, Tomáš Žid
Keywords
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