Some Farmans and Inscriptions: A source of study for waqf in Indian subcontinent
Journal Title: Схід - Year 2018, Vol 158, Issue 6
Abstract
Waqf, also known as auqaf, becomes inalienable endowment under Islamic law. This institution is a permanent dedication of movable or immovable property for a specific religious or pious purpose, something sanctified by the Muslim law. The Sultans of Delhi and the Mughal rulers made religious grants by way of Inam, suyurghal and madad-i-m’aash. These grants were always conditional; to be renewed after the death of original grantees. Hence, they lacked permanence, an important ingredient for making of the waqf. However, these very grants led to the creation of the waqf subsequently. An analysis of the data provided by the public records of the pre-colonial times offers important clue to the nature of fiscal rights transferred by the pre-colonial state to the grantees. There are several documents which reveals the nature and details of the waqf throughout the Indian history but I have confined my study of the Mughal period especially. A farman of Mughal Emperor Akbar is available in which he ordered to the officials of pargana Sambhar (Marwar, Rajputana) to provide oil for lighting the mazar of Khwaja Muinuddin of Ajmer. Another farman comes from the time of Mughal Emperor Jahangir in which he is ordering officials to assign 100 bigha land to Bibi Jan and other widows of saintly persons ofAjmer. Another document is of Emperor Farrukh Siyar in which he orders to pay Rs.1/ per day to a saint. There are two inscriptions available which refers to an endowment of the land revenue (mahsul) to a village for the expenses of the annual ‘Urs at the dargah of Shaikh Hamiduddin Mitha Shah of Gagraun, Malwa and the other of Aurangzeb's period inscription in which emperor is ordering to the governor of the place for maintenance of the Jami masjid of the place, a sum of five Bahluli per day to be paid for the said purpose. The paper seeks to analyze the Persian archival records and some inscriptional data, where the original grants were temporary in nature, but subsequently they developed as fully waqf.
Authors and Affiliations
Yaqub Ali Khan
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP483928
- DOI 10.21847/1728-9343.2018.6(158).155048
- Views 137
- Downloads 1
AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT OF MECHANISMS OF ATTRACTING FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
The article analyzes the mechanisms of attracting financial resources of international institutions, particularly the issues of legal security. Analyzed the provisions of the Budget Code of Ukraine and the directions of...
THE GENESIS OF THE CONCEPT OF A SUNNI STATE AND GOVERNMENT
In the article explored the period of the Sunni concept of state and government that allows us to understand the processes that shaped the modern concept of Islamic political structure of society. The genesis of the conc...
FEMALE ELEMENTS IN FIGURATIVELY SYMBOLIC IDEAS OF SLAVIC MYTHOLOGY
In article it is proved that in the life of the Slavic peoples the special place held by a woman. "Female" cults and beliefs reflected in figurative and symbolic representations of Slavic mythology. It recorded the stere...
LANGUAGE IN THE RELEVANT CULTURAL SPACE: THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTIONS OF L. WITTGENSTEIN AND J. DERRIDA
The executed study focuses its attention on the phenomenon of the language as the legitimation factor of cultural narratives and the space of metaphysics bases creation as the Western way of thinking grandnarrative. It s...
TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL'S STRATEGIES: APPROACHES TO SYSTEMATIZATION
The paper argues for the need for Ukrainian companies' intellectual capital strategy development which, in turn, will significantly improve their efficiency and transfer to a new level of functioning. In this study we pr...