SOURCE DEGRADATION – GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM
Journal Title: Вісник Львівського університету. Серія географічна - Year 2017, Vol 51, Issue
Abstract
On the basis of generalization of literary sources, normative legal, stock materials and experimental data, the complex situation of soil degradation is highlighted. Different types and intensity of the manifestation of soil degradation, their distribution and characteristics are described. The threatening situation of manifestation of degradation processes in some regions of Ukraine is shown, among which soil erosion occupies the leading place. More than 4,5 million hectares are occupied by medium and strongly ground soils, including 68 thousand hectares completely lost their humus horizon. Particularly large areas of eroded soils are distributed on arable land in the Vinnytsia, Luhansk, Donetsk, Odesa, Chernivtsi and Ternopil regions, where the average annual ground wash is 24,5–27,8 t/ha with a tolerance of 2,5–3,7 t/ha . As a result of erosion processes from the total area of agricultural land, about 500 million tons of fertile soil layer is washed out on average annually, which contains about 24 million tons of humus, 0,96 million tons of nitrogen, 0,68 million tons of phosphorus and 9,4 million tons of potassium equivalent to 320–333 million tons of organic fertilizers, and ecological and economic losses due to erosion exceed 9 billion UAH .Flat soil was associated with linear erosion. The main indicators characterizing the degree of damage to land by linear erosion are the density of ravines, the distance and area between them, the slope, the properties of soils and rocks, the morphometric parameters of the ravines and their catchment areas. According to various estimates, the area of land affected by linear erosion in the country increases by 5–10 thousand ha annually. The effect of the ravines on the complete destruction of the land, deformation of the soil cover is highlighted. Information on various types of soil pollution by poison chemicals, industrial waste is given. According to the prediction of scientists in such a situation, 120–150 years on the planet can completely destroy the fertile soil layer.
Authors and Affiliations
Myroslav Voloshchuk
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP317467
- DOI -
- Views 94
- Downloads 0
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT HISTORY OF ORIGIN AND USE OF THE TITLE “CARPATHIANS”
Geographical names, which are given by different peoples, are monuments of culture, spiritual and material life and language. The origin and use of the name “Carpathians” in the scientific literature are considered. The...
Actual information support of sustainable tourism marketing
It is a review of the manual "Marketing in tourism" written by I.Smyrnov in 2016.
MICROAGGREGATE COMPOSITION OF ALLUVIAL SOILS OF FLООDPLAIN OF WESTERN BUG RIVER
The study of the microaggregative composition of soils of the floodplain of the Western Bug River has been carried out. The microstructure of these soils is characterized by considerable strength, especially in the trans...
CONTRIBUTION OF ROMANIAN SPEAKING SCIENTISTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHIC RESEARCHES IN BUKOVINA
The research and discovery of unknown pages of Ukrainian geography is an essential condition for the development of all areas of scientific and geographical process. The study and research of scientific heritage of Roman...
STAGES OF SUSPENDED SOILS FORMATION IN VERKHOVYNA DIVIDING RANGE OF UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS
It was found out that suspended soils in Verkhovyna Dividing Range in Ukrainian Carpathians are intrazonal ones and are formed near dense sandstones outcrops in Krosnenska zone provided excess moisture of flushing type o...