Spectrum of AIDS Defning Opportunistic Infections in a Series of 77 Hospitalised HIV-infected Omani Patients
Journal Title: Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal - Year 2012, Vol 12, Issue 4
Abstract
Objectives: Most of the morbidity and mortality in human immunodefciency virus/acquired immune defciency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) result from opportunistic infections (OIs). Although the spectrum of OIs in HIV infected patients from developing countries has been reported, there is a paucity of data on the natural history, pattern of disease, and survival of hospitalised patients with HIV/AIDS, particularly in Arab countries. Te aim of this study was to study retrospectively the spectrum and frequency of various OIs in a cohort of hospitalised HIV-infected Omani patients. Methods: Included in the study were 77 HIV-infected Omani patients admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital in Muscat, Oman, between January 1999 and December 2008. Tey were diagnosed on their frst admission and hence were not on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at presentation. Te frequency of various clinical and laboratory fndings and individual OIs were analysed. Results: In total, 45 patients (58%) had one or more AIDS-defning OIs. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) was commonest (25%), followed by cryptococcal meningitis (22%), cytomegalovirus (CMV), retinitis (17%), disseminated tuberculosis (15%), and cerebral toxoplasmosis (12.5%). Only one patient with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) was identifed and one patient had disseminated visceral leishmaniasis. Te majority of patients (77%) had CD4+ counts <200 cells/μL. Ten patients (22%) died during hospital stays, with fve deaths (50%) being caused by disseminated CMV infection. Conclusion: A wide spectrum of OIs is seen in hospitalised HIV-infected patients in Oman. P. jiroveci pneumonia and cryptococcal meningitis were the commonest OIs, while disseminated CMV was the commonest cause of death. We hope these results will advance the knowledge of specialists treating HIV in Oman and the Gulf region.
Authors and Affiliations
Abdullah A. Balkhair| Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, Zakariya K. Al-Muharrmi| Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman, Shyam Ganguly| Departments of Family Medicine & Public Health, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman, Ali A. Al-Jabri| Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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