SPEECH THERAPY CRITERIA FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACQUIRED SPEECH DISORDERS IN NEUROLOGICAL PATIENTS
Journal Title: Acta Neuropsychologica - Year 2015, Vol 13, Issue 3
Abstract
Logopedics or speech therapy, currently defined as the science of biological speech determinants, constructs the theoretical foundations for the process of diagnosis and treat ment of communication disorders. The speech therapy approach, focusing on analysis of pathological linguistic facts, utilizes linguistic methods of their description, at the same time indicating their biological, psychological and social mechanisms. The paper presents the procedure for speech therapy diagnosis of acquired speech disorders in neurological patients, and the principles of data interpretation in differentiating symptoms of aphasia, pragnosia, dementia, psychoorganic syndrome and dysarthria based on three interaction categories: text, metatext and context. The state of interaction skills in brain-injured persons differentiates the picture of acquired speech disorders. Thus, unlike the dynamic picture of aphasic disorders, performance disorders in dysarthria are characterized by significant constancy of symptoms. Aphasic texts are disturbed in their grammatical and/or semantic order but are pragmatically coherent whereas utterances of persons with additional non-aphasic speech disorders show disorders of all textological categories, inter alia informativeness, situationality, intertextuality, or acceptability. Verbal behaviors of aphasic persons, unlike the actions of dementia patients, confirm their orientation in time and place. Finally, unlike the utterances of frontal lobe syndrome patients, the texts of aphasic patients contain exponents of the control of disordered behaviors. Diagnosis gains new significance when it arises from the needs of treatment, hence the speech therapist takes into account both the destroyed and the preserved linguistic, cognitive and communication capabilities of neurological patients, which make up their interaction skills.
Authors and Affiliations
Jolanta Panasiuk
Keywords
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