Status mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych w Polsce w świetle prawa międzynarodowego i krajowego
Journal Title: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej - Year 2012, Vol 2012, Issue 3
Abstract
Poland is inhabited by thirteen national and ethnic minorities amounting to 253 273 people confirmed in the national census in 2002. In the 2011 census 554,000 people declared their national and ethnic minority status. The following minorities are recognized by Polish legislations: the Byelorussians, Czechs, Lithuanians, Armenians, Russians, Slovaks, Ukrainians and Jews. Ethnic minorities include the Karaims, Lemkos, Roma and Tartars. The Kashubs are the community who use their regional language, Kashubian. National and ethnic minorities in Poland enjoy political and cultural rights as Poland has adopted all international regulations, European ones including, relating to national and ethnic minority protection. Polish legislation complies with international law requirements pertaining to national and ethnic minority protection. Its aim is not assimilation or depriving of national identity but granting equal rights. Minorities in Poland are guaranteed to exercise free and unhindered development, cherish their own traditions, culture, language and education. The German minority shows the most active engagement in politics. They have their representative in the Polish Parliament (Sejm) and play a major role in local government on various levels in the province of Opole, Silesia and Warmia and Mazury. Also the Byelorussian minority activities in political life are noticed as their representatives play a significant role in local authorities on various levels in the Podlasie province. They are also represented by one deputy in the Parliament (Sejm). The remaining minorities are not noticeably active in the Polish political life, although some of them are present in local authorities in the regions they inhabit. For many years there have been struggles on political and legislature grounds to grant the Silesians the status of national or ethnic minority. The Polish authorities have refused. However, national and ethnic minorities representatives claim that their rights are not exercised. This refers mainly to decreasing funds on education and cultural activities from local authorities, some acts of vandalism and devastating places of religious worship and growing resentment coming from ultra right or nationalistic parties.
Authors and Affiliations
Stanisław Maksimiec
Keywords
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