Studies on the macro-nutrient concentration and up-take of rice as effected by different levels and sources of zinc under temperate conditions
Journal Title: Advance Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Discoveries - Year 2017, Vol 19, Issue 19
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the premier food crop of India and therefore, national food security system largely depends on the productivity of rice ecosystems. Among the rice growing countries India ranks first in area (43.8 M ha) and second in production (105.0 MT), next only to China However, the average productivity of rice in India is only 3.2 t ha-1 against the global average of 4.0 t ha-1 (FAO, 2010). Increasing productivity and production are essential to meet the food requirement of the burgeoning population. In Jammu and Kashmir State the rice crop is cultivated over an area of 274.0 thousand hectares with a production of around 904.4 thousand tonnes. However, in Kashmir valley the area under rice is 158.0 thousand hectares with a production of 576 thousand tones and productivity of 3.64 t ha-1 (DES, 2013-14). The Kashmir valley with temperate climate has a unique set of varieties suited to its agro-climatic situation. The abundant sunshine with nearly pest free environment makes this region suitable for good rice yields. In spite of this fact the average yields (3.24 t ha-1) are far below the potential yields (7 t ha-1) owing to the several constraints, the main among them being poor soil fertility status, weed infestation and poor adoption of recommended package of practices etc. The use of only major nutrients has resulted in mining of secondary and micronutrients. Zinc deficiency is prevalent worldwide both in temperate and tropical climate (Marschner, 1995; Fageria et al., 2003). It is especially widespread in high pH calcareous soils (Liu et al., 1983). Zinc deficiency is a well documented problem in food crops, causing decreased crop yields and nutritional quality. Increasing incidences of Zn deficiency over the past several years have been due to various reasons. These include increased crop demand on soils ability to supply Zn fast enough as a result of improved cultivars and management, use of urea in place of acid fertilizer ammonium sulphate, increased use of phosphate fertilizers and the resulting P induced Zn deficiency; and the use of alkaline irrigation water without proper drainage. It is anticipated that further increase in incidences with the advent of rice with Zn dense grains for human nutrition which will have greater Zn requirement (Welch and Graham, 1999). An analysis of 2, 33,003 soil samples taken from different states showed that 47 per cent of Indian soils are deficient in Zn (Takkar, 1996). Analysis of 25,000 plant samples collected from different states in India showed that 44% of the plant samples contained inadequate Zn (Singh, 2007). These values indicate that Zn deficiency in soils represents a particular constraint to crop yield and a major reason for the low dietary intake of Zn. …. To know more details click the download link.
Authors and Affiliations
Talib Hussain, Showket Ahmed Dar
Keywords
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