Study of horizontal displacements of the channel of Dniester river using remote sensing data and GIS-technologies
Journal Title: Геодинаміка - Year 2017, Vol 23, Issue 2
Abstract
Aim. The aim of the work is to research the method of studying horizontal displacements in the channel of the Dniester river from town Galich to town Zalishchiki using topographic maps of different periods, special maps, and space images. Such an integrated approach of using various data for receiving input information about the river bed together with processing in ArcGIS made it possible to monitor the displacements of the channel, and to determine displacement values over a significant period of time. Soil maps and maps of Quaternary deposits are the basis for identifying the significant causes of the displacements of the channel. Method. The main reasons of displacements and meandering of the Dniester river bed were considered. The monitoring was carried out on the site (with a total length of about 100 km) from town Galich to town Zalishchiki for over a 100-years period. Materials for conducting research included topographic maps (1910, 1923, 1976) and space images obtained from satellites Landsat 5 (1986), Landsat 7 (2000) and Sentinel (2017), as well as special ground maps and maps of Quaternary deposits. The general workflow of data processing is presented and fragments of the channel of the Dniester river bed are shown, as vectorized topographic maps. Visualization and studies of changes in the Dniester river bed were carried out with ArcGIS 10.1 software. The sinuosity coefficients of the Dniester river channel were determined, and measurements of the maximum displacements of the river in its five selected fragments of the channel were performed. Measurements were made at selected points. At the same time, the area of the islands and the meanders were measured. DEM was created based on topographic maps with a scale of 1: 100000 for researching the reasons of river channels displacements. To determine the reasons which caused displacements, the boundaries of the Precarpathian bend and Podolsk-Volynsky hills are shown as their structures influence the formation of the character of the Dniester River bed. Maps of Quaternary deposits and soils have been analyzed. Results. The research area is characterized by a high rate of sinuosity coefficient with a significant number of meanders. The study of the displacements of the Dniester River indicates a significant meandering in the flat part and an almost unchanging nature of the channel in the hilly part. Hydrotechnical works, carried out in the 1920-80's, significantly reduced sinuosity and meandering, compared to the natural character of the channel in the 1910. The maximum displacement during the 100-year period is 900 meters. From the analysis of the soil maps and maps of the Quaternary sediments, it has been established that the places of maximum displacement of the channel are associated with the alluvial sediments in the 1st and, 3rd floodplain terraces in podzolic and marsh soils. Scientific novelty. It was established that the main effective method for forecasting channel changes is a hydrological and morphological analysis based on different topographical information, and information obtained on the basis of remote sensing data, which involves the combination and analysis of modern and past configurations of the river bed. The main factors of channel formation are: floods; lithological structure and hydrogeology; neotectonic movements; and the accumulation and erosion of sediment on the floodplain. Practical significance. The results of the monitoring of the deformation processes of the riverbed must be taken into account when solving a number of tasks related to the channel’s processes, in particular: designing and constructing hydrotechnical objects; designing power line locations within the transition area of the rivers; carrying out gas transportation networks routes; definition of flood zones and scales of destruction after flood phenomena; realization of recreational activity; establishment of boundaries of protected lands; and the study of the state of the border lands for the establishment of the border along the river fairway.
Authors and Affiliations
Kh. V. Burshtynska, S. Tretyak, M. Halockin
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP455471
- DOI 10.23939/jgd2017.02.014
- Views 68
- Downloads 0
Geological and paleooceanographic models of the Carpathian-Black Sea continental margin of the Tethys
Purpose. To clear up geological-paleooceanographic conditions of sediment-lithogenesis of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits of the Carpathian-Black Sea continental margin of the Tethys. Methodology. Multi-aspect complex app...
Seismicity, geology, seismotectonics and geodynamics of Tereblya-Ritska HPS area (Ukrainian Transcarpathians)
Purpose. The aim of the work is to conduct the complex analysis of seismicity, geology, seismotectonics and difference scale geodynamic processes in the Tereblya-Rika hydro power station (HPS) area in the Ukrainian Trans...
Approximation of the physical surface of the Earth by biaxial and triaxial ellipsoid
Purpose. Planetary problems play in geosciences very important role. The aim of this work is to improve methods and algorithms for approximating of the physical surface of the planet by biaxial and triaxial ellipsoid for...
Investigation of the relationship between the modern vertical displacement of the crust and seismic activity of Europe
Purpose. The main goal is to find the relationship between the generalized parameters of the vertical displacement of the earth's surface and the background seismic activity of the European continent by means of GNSS- te...
Emergence of earthquakes footprint in natural electromagnetic field variations
Purpose. It is well-known that strong earthquakes are typically accompanied by some phenomena which relate to variations of natural electromagnetic fields. Based on the idea about the mechanism of lithosphere–atmosphere–...