Study of Zeolite and Vermiculite to Reduce Lead and Cadmium in Wastewater of Alcohol Factory
Journal Title: UNKNOWN - Year 2018, Vol 10, Issue 1
Abstract
Background: The wastewater of alcohol plants is called Vinasse. After conversion of molasses to alcohol and other derivatives, this compound must be removed as waste from the factory. If released without careful planning and proper management and supervision, this wastewater can cause serious and several social, economic, and environmental consequences. Therefore, it is very important to eliminate heavy elements before the waste goes deep into the soil or to underground water reservoirs. Objectives: The aim of this study is to use 2 natural absorbents zeolite and vermiculite to low-off or lower the movement of heavy metals lead and cadmium in the soil. Methods: To evaluate the potential of Vermiculite and Zeolites in refinement of metal pollutants cadmium and lead, 2 irrigation periods by Vinasse and 3 treatments were conducted. First, the soil of the region was irrigated by Vinasse up to the saturation level. Second, the soil of the region with 2 layers of Zeolites in the depths of 25 cm and 50 cm was irrigated by Vinasse up to the saturation level. Third, the soil of the region with 2 layers of Vermiculites (same depths as treatment two) was irrigated by Vinasse up to the saturation level. The experiment was performed within columns with diagonal of 90 mm and height of 1000 mm. Surface irrigation (flooding) with the volume of 2.3 l was conducted every 5 days. Sampling in the depths of 15 - 25 cm and 40 - 50 cm of soil columns and drained water from the bottom of the soil columns were collected 24 hours after each irrigation and samples were taken to a laboratory to perform chemical analysis. Results: The results showed that before the experiment, the amounts of lead and cadmium in soil were 2.6 mg/kg and 42.0 mg/kg, respectively. As for Vinasse, the amounts were 46.2 and 7.11 mg/kg, respectively. After irrigation by Vinasse in the depth of 15-25 in treatments 1, 2, and 3, the increases in the level of cadmium were 0.034, 0.042, and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, the increases in the level of lead in the depth of 30-50 in treatments 1, 2, and 3 were 0.28, 0.036, and 0.034 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions: The concentration of lead in drainage water in all three treatments decreased. Vermiculite was not effective in adsorbing lead compared to the treatment in which no adsorbent was used.
Authors and Affiliations
Marjan Kiani Haftlang, Kamran Mohsenifar, Aida Bayati
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP291606
- DOI 10.5812/jjhs.14166
- Views 59
- Downloads 0
Choice of Healthy Methods for Cooking by Rural Females of Chabahar, Iran: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Background: Poor dietary behaviors contribute to morbidity and mortality. A sizeable percentage of chronic diseases is related to unhealthy eating habits. Family is a prominent element of the social environment where die...
Risk Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders Related to Patient Transfer Tasks Using the Direct Nurse Observation Instrument Method
Background: Nurses represent an important job group commonly affected by musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). One of the main reasons is patient transfer tasks. Handling patients using a safe work technique is considered as...
Assessment of Stages and Processes of Change, Eating Self-Efficacy and Decisional Balance for Weight Loss in Obese Women Attending Nutrition Clinics
Background: The transtheoretical model is an effective theory in health promotion. In order to maximize success, this theory has been introduced into different weight loss interventions. Objectives: The purpose of this...
Assessment of Noise Exposure and Noise Annoyance in a Steel Factory
Background: Noise pollution is one of the most important risk factors in industrial settings. This study aimed to assess noise exposure and noise-induced annoyance among workers of a steel factory. Methods: This cross-s...
Working Postures and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Overhead Crane Operators in a Steel Industry
Background: Overhead crane operators work long hours in a confined space and often face ergonomic and physical risk factors. The main purpose of this study was to find a better understanding of the risk of MSDs in overhe...