Subgroup Analysis in Multiple Myeloma Patients under Sixty Years: A Single-Center Study
Journal Title: Istanbul Medical Journal - Year 2021, Vol 22, Issue 1
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) constitutes approximately 10% of hematological malignan-cies with abnormal proliferation of plasma cells, which causes an abnormal increase of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains. We aim to examine our young myeloma cases’ data and compare light chain disease with other subtypes, which are known to have a worse prognosis in all age groups. Methods: Fifty-five MM patients diagnosed and treated between January 2010 and 2020 under 60 years old, were analyzed retrospectively. Their demographic data, laboratory, treatment subtypes, MM subtypes, CRAB findings (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and presence of lytic bone lesions), treatment, and responses to the first-line treatment were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups, the light chain and other myeloma subgroups, and compared statistically. Results: Seventeen patients were female (30.9%), and 38 were male (69.1%). The median age was 54 (range: 34-59) years. The median duration of follow-up was 30 (range: 3-108) months. The MM sub-types examined were: immunoglobulin G (IgG)/Kappa 13 (23.6%), kappa light chain 10 (18.2%), lambda light chain 10 (18.2%), IgG/Lambda 9 (16.4%), IgA/Lambda 8 (14.5%), and IgA/Kappa 5 (9.1%). There was no significant difference between the two groups except for albumin and calcium values. In the other myeloma subtype group, albumin and calcium values were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the light chain group. Conclusion: The myeloma distribution under the age of 60 was different from that in the general my-eloma population. The light chain was more at the forefront, which appears to be related to lytic le-sions, kidney failure, and amyloidosis. Moreover, albumin, an independent prognostic indicator for myeloma, decreased in the other myeloma subgroup compared with the light chain subgroup. They are first mentioned in the literature in patients under 60 years old.
Authors and Affiliations
İstemi Serin, Mehmet Hilmi Doğu
Keywords
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- DOI 10.4274/imj.galenos.2021.62593
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