Substantial features of Trypillian art culture: history of research
Journal Title: Вісник Національної академії керівних кадрів культури і мистецтв - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Where have we come from? Who are we? Where are we going to? "- the name of Paul Gauguin’s picture that exemplifies infinit question of humanity of all times and epochs."…What are we? Who is our parent?"- Taras Shevchenko asks in his message "And the dead and alive...". People recognize themselves through their relation to the world that is not only boundless universe or nature, but also to human society, culture, created by people. Culture is displaying the individual features of individual communities and their ethnic groups. Ethnogenesis is a natural process wich determined primarily landscape-geographical parameters. All things created by people are more stable than the works of nature, so they are accessible to direct observation. Our forefathers left wonderful monuments and works of art. This rich heritage has identified features of Ukrainian national culture. In art history there are definite stereotypes about Trypillian culture, which are repeated in the majority of publications and established form relevant im-pression of it. Trypillian culture is well-known by excellent examples of ceramic wares decorated with ornaments of the original. However, its current popularity is not argued, archetyp value of its heritage is not only of material but also spiri-tual is ignored overwhelming majority of researchers. So urgent is the study of the art of reflection of Trypillian culture in modern life, in a culture in everyday life, arrangement of living space, tradition of interpersonal relations and self-determination of a personality аnd awareness of its importance for the ethnogenesis of the Ukrainian nation. The perpurpose of this research is to study, based on analysis of the publications of the scientific literature, Trypillian art and culture due to the natural conditions of the landscape. Trypillian cultureis is an unique archaeological culture from the Chalcolithic times. The first studies of this culture and archaic painted ceramics executed the famous archaeologist from Lviv A.Shnayder in 70 years of the XIX century. But the official opening of the Year of Trypillian culture is considered to be 1893, when archaeologist Vincent Hvoyka opened late Palaeolithic settlement in Kyiv, on the Cyrilivska street. He found a number of similar materials on the out-skirts of Trypillia in the Kyiv region, on whose behalf and was named this unique culture. On the Romanian territory it was discovered Cucuteni culture, which have been proven to belong to the same cultural complex that Trypillian culture, so these names are synonymous. One of the biggest attractions is the cave of Trypillian culture Verteba in the Lviv region, where throughout the nineteenth century was found thousands of clay and ceramic objects and fragments of there. Significant contribution to the study of Trypillian culture belongs to T.S. Passek that developed a scheme of periodiza-tion of Trypillian settlements. The most prevalent option periods, which distinguishes the following stages of trypillian culture: • Initial – 5300-4000 BC. e. (Romanian Carpathians) • Early – 4000-3600 BC. e. (Prut-Dniester interfluve); • Average – 3600-3100 BC. e. (Dniester-Bug watershed); • Late – 3100-2500 BC. e. (Dnieper-Dniester River watershed). Characteristic for the early development stage of Trypillian culture is ground, rectangular building of the pillars smeared with clay wicker wooden walls that had straw or reed roof. In the villages located on high plateaus layout dwell-ings approached to form a circle or oval. The basis for economy in this period were farming, animal husbandry, hunting, fishing and gathering. Significant development reached pottery, especially vessels which sculpted hands – large vessels hrushopodibnoi grain riznomanitni pots, bowls, spoons, colanders, binoklepodibnyy dishes. Pottery and figurines deco-rated ornament spiral shape, which continues today in the handicrafts of Ukraine. In the middle stage of the tribes of Trypillia culture occupied vast areas of forest in Eastern Transylvania to the west to the Dnieper River to the east, near the Upper and Middle Dniester, Prut, Siret, Southern Bug region and the right bank of the Dnieper. Public ustriy remained matriarhalno clan, but the settlement of this period is much larger, indicating that the increase in population and located in the high plateau near rivers and streams. By the late period of Trypillian culture spread in the land of eastern Volyn Basin and Goryn Sluch year, both banks of the Dnieper and Kiev steppe north-western Black Sea. However, along with the tribes of the western areas of the Northern Black Sea and lower Dniester were assimilated yamnoyi native culture ancient Indo-Europeans. Amazing Tripoli culture heritage inspired researchers to express the boldest hypotheses. So, study of Tripoli cul-ture, which is reflected in the genetic memory of future generations in the form of archetypal characters, and its impact on the improvement of modern life seems a hot topic of our further research.
Authors and Affiliations
Nina Koliadenko
Keywords
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