Superoxide Dismutase: A Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Journal Title: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research - Year 2019, Vol 13, Issue 7
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in developing countries. Traditional diagnostic methods such as microscopic detection of organism and histopathological examination are limited in their capacity to provide information on prognosis and treatment efficiency. Abundantly secreted extracellular Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) protects the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), and elevated levels of the biomolecule are found in tissues and fluids of tubercular patients. Aim: To estimate the levels of serum SOD in lung control disease and tubercular patients; assess the diagnostic potential of SOD assay for detection of tuberculosis at an early onset stage and quantify the serum SOD activity to monitor the course of infection and determine the effectiveness of the anti-Tubercular (anti-TB) drug treatment. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted on 180 participants at B.S. Medical College and Hospital, Bankura, West Bengal, India. The participants were divided into three groups: Group 1: Normal Control (n=30), Group 2: Disease Control/Lung-Disease Control (n=27) and Group 3: Tubercular Subjects (3A- Pulmonary TB and 3B- Extra-pulmonary TB) (n=76). Serum SOD levels of the participants were measured spectrophotometrically. The serum SOD levels of the patients were re-measured after one-month of A-TB drug treatment. In addition, to increase the specificity of the test, the serum of tubercular subjects was incubated with different concentrations of Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) and then assayed for SOD activity. The level of significance was assessed using Student’s t-test. Results: The serum SOD level in tubercular subjects (both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary; with treatment started between 0-15 days) were significantly (p-value <0.01) elevated as compared to the control and lung-disease subjects. Significant decrease in serum SOD levels was observed after one-month of A-TB drug treatment signifying a decrease in mycobacterial load in host tissues. The iron co-factored SOD secreted by M.tuberculosisis was found to be resistant to NaCN whereas Copper-Zinc (Cu-Zn) co-factored SOD was inhibited by NaCN. Conclusion: The serum SOD assay, used in the present study, differentiated between human and mycobacterial origin-SOD, on incubation with NaCN, and diagnosed pulmonary as well as extra-pulmonary TB cases with confidence. Thus, it can be used as a simple, rapid, inexpensive, yet highly sensitive and specific- assay for detection of both human and bovine tuberculosis and primary and secondary drug-resistant cases.
Authors and Affiliations
Dipak Kumar Chattopadhyay
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP606999
- DOI 10.7860/JCDR/2019/35298.12968
- Views 120
- Downloads 0
Scrub Typhus Complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Young Patient
ABSTRACT Scrub typhus is an endemic rickettsial disease causing vasculitis involving the small vessels of the body. Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome characterised by excessive unb...
Effect of Intraperitoneal Injection of Saffron on the Treatment of Experimental Endotoxin Induced Uveitis in the Rabbit
Introduction: Saffron with scientific name of “Crocus sativus” from the family “Iridaceae” is a plant without stem and root. Antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects of saffron has been demonstrated in different studie...
Influence of BMI on Cardiac Output and Peripheral Blood Flow in Young Adult Males
ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in young population which has a direct effect on their cardiovascular health resulting in development of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and peripheral vascula...
An Update on Recurrent Early Pregnancy Loss: Causes, Controversies and Cure
ABSTRACT Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is an important reproductive issue, affecting 1-5% of couples. It is characterised by repeated miscarriage, impairing the ability to have a live birth. The proven causes are diver...
Significance of Foetal Transcerebellar Diameter in Foetal Biometry: A Pilot Study
Introduction: The most important parameter needed for appropriate management of pregnant women is accurate Gestational Age (GA). Routine sonographic estimation of GA by using Biparietal Diameter (BPD), Femur Length (FL),...