Syncitial virus respiratory infections in children – immunological aspects
Journal Title: Reviews in Biological and Biomedical Sciences - Year 2019, Vol 2, Issue 1
Abstract
Out of all respiratory viral infections, those with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) are the most frequent registered worldwide being responsible for bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and asthma in all age groups, especially in children. As children have an immature immune system, severe HRSV infection can lead to death. In this paper we will revise the most recent findings regarding the immune response in the HRSV infection focusing on children. Extensive studies indicate that viral and host factors modulate the severity of infection. The viral infection first triggers a strong innate immune response followed by a further adaptive immune antiviral response. Although HRSV infection is common, there is still no efficient therapy available. The hurdles in obtaining an efficient therapy reside in several issues: the immaturity of the immune system of infants and young children, the differences in the virulence potential of the viral strains that induce a different cytokine/chemokine host response, with the involvement of multiple molecular, still unknown pathways. Identification of antiviral immune mechanisms and the comprehensive characterization of virus-specific immune responses using new cellular and animal models would help to define the crosstalk between viral and host factors that would modulate the severity of infection. Moreover identifying the molecular mechanisms of acute airway disease would shed light also on associated long-term consequences like developing asthma in the adulthood. As HRSV is globally circulating for more than 60 years, an effective therapy remains a public health priority.
Authors and Affiliations
Adriana Narcisa Munteanu, Mihaela Surcel, Carolina Constantin, Monica Neagu
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP635329
- DOI 10.31178/rbbs.2019.2.1.4
- Views 95
- Downloads 0
Syncitial virus respiratory infections in children – immunological aspects
Out of all respiratory viral infections, those with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) are the most frequent registered worldwide being responsible for bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and asthma in all age groups, especi...
Adipose tissue engineering and adipogenesis – a review
Adipose tissue engineering represents a promising solution for the regeneration of adipose tissue. The goal is to achieve a substitute for this specific tissue, appropriate for implantation at the lesion site, by combini...
An overview on osteogenic differentiation process: Minimum essential information for bone tissue engineering
Bone tissue engineering is a new and modern strategy that serves for repairing major bone defects. Three essential elements are involved in bone tissue engineering: a scaffold, a cell source that can convert into bone ce...
Current photocatalytic applications of nano-scaled titanium dioxide in the new era of “smart” technologies
Over the past decades, nanotechnology has increasingly developed and reached to monopolize almost all of the human activity areas. Materials with nanoscaled dimensions are not only developed for technological or medical...
Carbon nanotubes: properties, applications and toxicity
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are represented by sheets of graphite with tubular shape, that possess excellent mechanical strength and elasticity. They are highly investigated worldwide and outstanding properties and applicati...