Temperature, Precipitation and Relative Humidity Fluctuation of Makkah Al Mukarramah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1985-2016)
Journal Title: Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence - Year 2018, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
The study presents the temperature, rainfall and relative humidity fluctuation of Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia for a time period of 1985-2016 in terms of general climatology, climate change, seasonal pattern and extreme weather condition. This is a city in the Tihamah plain of western Saudi Arabia, the capital of Makkah Province, birth place of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and holistic place in Islam. The factors that control the climate are surface water, coastal management, overgrazing, forestry, livestock, drought, desertification, industrialization, landuse change, tourism, altitude, location and marine influence etc. The mean monthly temperature of the city is 32˚C having mean maximum of 38˚C and mean minimum of 25 degree Celsius. The mean monthly temperature of the city shows an increase of one degree Celsius having -0.1˚C decrease in maximum and -1.1˚C in minimum temperature. Generally, there is a rise and fall in the temperature condition and shows periodic pattern after each ten years throughout the period. The total precipitation of the city is 189 millimeters (7.4inches); having an increase of 36millimeters (1.4inches) and shows an increasing trend. The relative humidity of the area is 46percent with an increase of 0.7percent. January and February are the wettest, while June and July are the hottest months of the city. The area shows an arid continental climate having two main seasons that is winter (5 months) and summer (7 months), which can further be sub-divided into four rainy seasons namely winter, post-winter, summer, and post-summer seasons. Annually, the temperature condition of the area rises from January to June, remains stable till September and slackens upto December. The heaviest rainfall of Makkah Al Mukarramah recorded in January, February and September and constitutes as wettest months of the year. The lowest rainfall of the city seems in June and July (driest months). To overcome the issue of climate change at Makkah Al Mukarramah, it is recommended to control wars, air pollution, improve forests, and to establish well canal system in the area.
Authors and Affiliations
Saifullah Khan, Yasser Alghafari
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP265775
- DOI 10.14738/tmlai.61.3978
- Views 101
- Downloads 0
Comparative Study of Harris and Active Contour Using Viola-Jones Algorithm for Facial Landmarks Detection
In this paper, we present a comparative study of two methods: Harris corners detector (H) and Active Contour detector (A.C) using ViolaJones algorithm (V.J) for facial landmarks (eyes, nose, mouth) corners detection. The...
Wide Band Patch Antenna using Defect Ground Structure Optimizing by Genetic Algorithm
The patch antenna is widely used in our life for a lot of its strong points as a low cost, easy and simple fabricated structure, and a code characteristic in radiation profile. But the narrow bandwidth is, however, the m...
Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse– Central Nervous System-RADAR-CNS
Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse in Central Nervous System Disorders (RADARCNS) is a major international research project. It aims to develop new ways of measuring major depressive disorder, epilepsy and multiple...
MEC towards 5G: A Survey of Concepts, use Cases, Location Tradeoffs
In recent years, there has been a new trend to push everything to a centralized cloud, triggered by virtualization and pushed by the need to reduce costs and increase suppleness. In the process, mobile operators and indu...
Implementation of the Flexible "Private - Public" Cloud Solution based on OpenStack
Cloud computing is a model that facilitates access to and manipulation of resources on demand. It is a technology that is unique today to meet the needs and demands of customers by guaranteeing a high quality of service...