Temperature, Precipitation and Relative Humidity Fluctuation of Makkah Al Mukarramah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1985-2016)
Journal Title: Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence - Year 2018, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
The study presents the temperature, rainfall and relative humidity fluctuation of Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia for a time period of 1985-2016 in terms of general climatology, climate change, seasonal pattern and extreme weather condition. This is a city in the Tihamah plain of western Saudi Arabia, the capital of Makkah Province, birth place of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and holistic place in Islam. The factors that control the climate are surface water, coastal management, overgrazing, forestry, livestock, drought, desertification, industrialization, landuse change, tourism, altitude, location and marine influence etc. The mean monthly temperature of the city is 32˚C having mean maximum of 38˚C and mean minimum of 25 degree Celsius. The mean monthly temperature of the city shows an increase of one degree Celsius having -0.1˚C decrease in maximum and -1.1˚C in minimum temperature. Generally, there is a rise and fall in the temperature condition and shows periodic pattern after each ten years throughout the period. The total precipitation of the city is 189 millimeters (7.4inches); having an increase of 36millimeters (1.4inches) and shows an increasing trend. The relative humidity of the area is 46percent with an increase of 0.7percent. January and February are the wettest, while June and July are the hottest months of the city. The area shows an arid continental climate having two main seasons that is winter (5 months) and summer (7 months), which can further be sub-divided into four rainy seasons namely winter, post-winter, summer, and post-summer seasons. Annually, the temperature condition of the area rises from January to June, remains stable till September and slackens upto December. The heaviest rainfall of Makkah Al Mukarramah recorded in January, February and September and constitutes as wettest months of the year. The lowest rainfall of the city seems in June and July (driest months). To overcome the issue of climate change at Makkah Al Mukarramah, it is recommended to control wars, air pollution, improve forests, and to establish well canal system in the area.
Authors and Affiliations
Saifullah Khan, Yasser Alghafari
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP265775
- DOI 10.14738/tmlai.61.3978
- Views 89
- Downloads 0
Body Temperature Patterns in Captive Barbary Striped Grass Mousse (Lemniscomysbarbarus): Influence of Photoperiod and Sex Steroids
The Barbary striped grass mouse (Lemniscomys Barbarus) has been described as a diurnal and photoperiodic rodent, but no reliable data exist on the daily and seasonal rhythmicity of body temperature (Tb). In this study, T...
Learning Style Classification Based on Student's Behavior in Moodle Learning Management System
In learning field, each student has his own learning style that affects his way of get, process, understand and percept information. Determining the learning style of students enhances the performance of learning process...
A Model Driven Architecture Approach to Generate Multidimensional Schemas of Data Warehouses
Over the past decade, the concept of data warehousing has been widely accepted. The main reason for building data warehouses is to improve the quality of information in order to achieve specific business objectives such...
Geographical Information System Tool Monitoring the Environmental Impact of Tangier Industrial Zones
Tangier city is classified as Moroccan second economic center after Casablanca, with three classical industrial zones and two free zones. This industrial activity is expected to increase in the next few years, especially...
Electrical Behavior of Solar Cell Based on ZnO/PS
Because of high loss of photovoltaic conversion due to reflection of incident photon by the silicon surface, we proposed in this work a single heterojunction solar cell model based on porous silicon (PS) and Zinc oxide t...