The Basic Philosophy and Dialectics of Modernization Movements in Ottoman Culture and Education
Journal Title: The journal of international civilization studies - Year 2023, Vol 8, Issue 1
Abstract
This study focused on the origin, development, and dialectical evolution of the modernization movements in Ottoman culture and education. It further addressed the ontological and epistemological origin and development, and dialectical evolution process of the Ottoman philosophy of culture and education, and the problem of dialectically tackling the alienation of the Ottoman culture. The Ottoman philosophy of culture and education primarily aimed to maintain the balance in the context of order, authority, and discipline. Transferred from Islamic philosophy and causing a remarkable regression in the empire, such concepts as time, progress, creation, reality, reason, freedom, progression, change, balance, authority, work, and production were determined dogmatically. Rooted primarily in Islamic philosophy, this traditional system had already inherited a stable philosophical and scientific heritage. The Central Asian Turkish tradition, the Byzantine influence, and the Islamic philosophy nurtured all the related superstructural practices of educational doctrines. Developed in light of the position of Shaykh al-Islam, the religious-based educational doctrine focused on maintaining the "balance" in the context of "order, authority, and discipline," not a culture-specific "values, episteme, morality, and scientific" goal, since it adhered to predetermined religious dogmas. The Ottoman educational doctrine evolved around Islamic ontology (e.g., the concept of time, progress, creation of the universe, noninterference with the world, perception of reality, destiny, and genesis) and wedged in a narrow epistemology based on this metaphysical ontology. Reality comprises image (exoteric) and idea (esoteric) in this system of thought. Also present in Plato and Neoplatonism, this dualism focuses on the "monist" idea of Allah in Islamic theology. It would only be possible for the Ottoman Empire to create a national tradition of culture, education, and philosophy and overcome the stagnation of the Islamic tradition, science, and philosophy, only if it negated itself and achieved its modernization.
Authors and Affiliations
Emir ÜLGER
Keywords
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- EP ID EP717140
- DOI https://doi.org/10.58648/inciss.1241602
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