The Determinants Affecting the Violent Crime in Indonesia and Thailand (1990–2019)
Journal Title: Oblik i finansi - Year 2023, Vol 1, Issue 4
Abstract
Due to the global increase in crime, many countries and regions have ceased to be safe places to live. The growth of global crime figures leads to the deterioration of humankind’s quality of life. This study aims to examine the causality of the total violent crime determinants in Indonesia and Thailand from 1990 to 2019. The data were collected from the Global Economy and the Nasdaq Database. The variables used in this study are the total violent crime, Gross National Income per capita (GNIpc), unemployment rate, social security expenditure, and value of alcoholic beverage consumption. All the variables were converted into a logarithmic form. Both Indonesia and Thailand’s total violent crimes contain these wrongdoings: murder, rape, robbery (with firearms and without firearms), which includes gang robbery, and causing bodily injuries. This research has two models as both analyze different countries: Indonesia and Thailand. The empirical tests have proven the variables affecting the model of Indonesia and Thailand in the long run and short run based on the data from 1990–2019. In the long run, total violent crime, the unemployment rate, and alcoholic beverage consumption will affect the model of Indonesia by bringing equilibrium whenever disequilibrium happens. In the short run, the GNIpc has a unidirectional relationship with the Unemployment rate. In Thailand, alcoholic beverage consumption is the only reliant variable which will be self-perpetuated and affect the model in the long run. In the short run, alcoholic beverage consumption will be affected by the Unemployment rate and GNIpc of Thailand. In addition, instead of total violent crime being the dependent variable, it could affect Thailand’s social security expenditures in the short run. This study provided a clearer view of the violent crime determinants in Indonesia and Thailand. Moreover, these empirical findings could help in policy-making to curb the worsening social violence in both countries.
Authors and Affiliations
Erwin Kurniawan A. & Adi Wijaya & Andriawan Kustiawan
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP727572
- DOI 10.33146/2307-9878-2023-4(102)-105-117
- Views 26
- Downloads 0
The Effect of Work Environment and Work Attitude on Employees’ Performance through Work Motivation
Motivated and disciplined employees are an essential element in the success of any organization. Their attitude to work determines what the final result will be and how quickly the organization will achieve its planned g...
The Effect of Sales Growth, Profitability and Leverage on Tax Avoidance with Firm Size as Moderating Variable
Beliefs about the rationality of economic agents and the predominantly controlling nature of tax policy may lead to the opinion that companies a priori do not want to pay taxes and are interested in keeping most of the i...
Роль і значення критики в дослідженнях бухгалтерського обліку
Критика як явище в наукових дослідженнях у сфері бухгалтерського обліку залишається недооціненою і недостатньо вивченою. Після отримання незалежності в Україні не вщухають гарячі дискусії між прихильниками кардинальних з...
On the way Towards a Balanced Forestry Land Use: The Economy of State Forestry Enterprises in Small Polissia of Ukraine in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, creating massive social and economic challenges, has started additional risks in ensuring balanced forest land use at the national, regional, and global levels. In this regard, the issues of preser...
Accounting Information System under the Digital Transformation
Modern theory and accounting practice are formed under the influence of many factors, including economic integration, digitalization of communication and management processes, expansion of requirements for the informatio...