The development of meritocratic concepts in the first half of the twentieth century
Journal Title: Мultiversum. Philosophical almanac - Year 2018, Vol 0, Issue 1
Abstract
The article gives a brief overview of the meritocratic concepts in the first half of the 20th century, analyzes the causes of their occurrence and peculiarities. The meritocratic concepts at the beginning of the twentieth century were technocratic, they grounded the need to transfer the management of production and society to technical specialists, engineers, and scientists. The technocratic concepts, popular in the US and in Western Europe, were based on ideas of T.Veblen. With the advent of large corporations, the business laws were transferred on production’ and society’s management, the idea of «revolution of managers» replaced the idea of «revolution of engineers». The theorists of the «revolution of managers» – the transition of the society’s management to educated, highly skilled managers – became A.Berley, J.Bernham, P.Drucker. In the 1950s, the term «meritocracy» appeared, initially in a negative sense. Later, in the 1960–1970’s with the advent of the concepts of industrial society, its meaning changes, the term «meritocracy» was used to refer the system of society management by qualified specialists, educated and highly moral – in this way, the significance of meritocracy is approaching the technocratic concepts of the first half of the XX century.
Authors and Affiliations
Mark Arsentʹyev
Keywords
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