THE DYNAMICS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN DNIESTER RIVER ECOSYSTEMS
Journal Title: Journal of Science And Arts - Year 2010, Vol 13, Issue 2
Abstract
The goal of this research was to investigate the dynamics of trace metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, Mo, V, Pb, Cd etc) in water, sediments, and the accumulation in the plants, invertebrates and organs and tissue of Cyprinidae and Percidae fish from Dniester river ecosystems. The interrelationships of abiotic and biotic factors and the effects of impaired water quality on biota were studied. The use of fertilizers and pesticides for agricultural purposes affects directly the dynamics of Cu, Zn, Mn in aquatic systems (r=0.70-0.92), and the pollution is intensified by the dismembered relief, the peculiarities of rainfall and intensive erosion processes. All these led to a continuing increase in trace element content downstream the rivers. The discharged wastewaters from industry contribute to freshwater pollution with Ni, Zn, Cu, Ag and Cd (r=0.73) and change the ratio of dissolved and suspended forms of trace elements, this being characteristic especially for Chisinau, Bender, Tiraspol, Soroca, during low water period. The zone of confluence of Dniester river with its tributaries – Raut Bic were observed increase the concentration of trace metals (Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ag, Sn). The building of hydrotechnical constructions on the Dniester river led to changes in the ratio of dissolved and suspended forms of trace elements and migration of trace elements in the systems: water- suspended matter-sediments-hydrobionts. The aquatic plants and the species of aquatic invertebrates are metal macro-concentrators, and can be used as effective biomonitor organisms in monitoring programs, water filtrators, but also can be secondary sources in water pollution. The maximum concentrations were observed in the aquatic plants, the species of aquatic invertebrates and fish from Cuciurgan reservoir, the minimum were observed in Dubasari reservoir. Water sediments are the most stable compounds of freshwater ecosystems. The concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mo and V in water sediments was 2-7 times higher than in the soil. The maximum concentration of trace elements in water sediments were found in Cuciurgan reservoir, while the minimal - in Dniester River. A direct dependence of the content of trace elements in silt on clay particles with a diameter smaller than 0.01 mm was found (r=0.86-0.97).
Authors and Affiliations
ELENA ZUBCOV, NATALIA ZUBCOV, ANTOANETA ENE, NINA BAGRIN, LUCIA BILETCHI
Keywords
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