The Effect of Stem Cell Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Journal Title: Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine - Year 2020, Vol 2, Issue 5
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder [ASD] is a neuro developmental disorder that is characterized by abnormal social interaction/communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Although there is a lack of knowledge surrounding the ASD’s etiology, one common hypothesis posits that the causative pathology is immune system deregulation [ISD]. Patients with ASD experience ISD in the form of overactive microglia and astroglia in the brain, overactive cytokines in the brain and blood plasma, and underactive T lymphocytes in the blood plasma. Mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] and mononuclear cells, which contain a mixture of MSCs and hematopoietic stem cells [HSCs], are promising candidates for treatment of ASD. MSCs secrete several molecules that may restore injured tissue and anti-inflammatory molecules that may mediate neuro inflammation. MSCs also exhibit immuno modulatory effects which may regulate the immune response observed in ASD.HSCs secrete various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that may further regulate the abnormal immune response observed in ASD. In addition, HSC CD34+ down regulates pro-inflammatory molecules and up regulates anti-inflammatory molecules which may mediate neuro inflammation in ASD. Based on the results of several clinical trials, MSC and mononuclear cell therapies are safe and effective. To date, they have not been shown to cause adverse side effects. In addition, there have been several instances of reduced ASD symptoms due to the therapies. Nevertheless, much research is still needed into further investigating the etiology of ASD and the mechanism of stem cell therapies to truly understand the benefits of stem cell therapy for ASD.
Authors and Affiliations
Elise De Forest and Vincent S. Gallicchio*
Therapy on Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson's disorder (PD) is a central nervous condition that causes tremors and affects mobility. Symptoms appear slowly, generally beginning with a slight shaking in one hand. Tremors are typical, but the disease can a...
Osteonecrosis Development Post Covid-19 Infection
The COVID19 pandemic, originating in China, has spread across the world, with serious proportions in populations and public health. Systemic lesions in those infected generate cascading changes affecting different organs...
COVID-2019: Tests that Prove Vital for Respiratory Glands in Elderly and Pregnant Women: Tests, Symptoms and Results
Interestingly an outbreak of sort occurred in December 2019, a deadly pandemic disease called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection took the largest populated country by storm. Human erro...
Can IV Infusions of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles be the Fountain of Youth?
There is increasing published literature to support the safety and efficacy of IV infusions of bone marrow-derived expanded allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of various auto-immune diseases. Frai...
The Unusual Case of a Sternoclavicular Joint Cyst in A 21-Months Old Child
Sternoclavicular joint cysts are extremely rare in children. We report the 6th case of a ganglion of the sternoclavicular joint in a child, which was diagnosed by ultrasonography.