The endocrine impact of long term risperidone therapy in Asian Indian patients
Journal Title: Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 8, Issue 2
Abstract
Background: Risperidone is a widely used antipsychotic, known to cause secondary hyperprolactinaemia. Related problems include bone mineral density (BMD) and vitamin D deficiency. However, there is insufficient information about the extent, severity, and association between these side effects, particularly in the Asian population. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis, and vitamin D deficiency in patients taking risperidone for more than one year. Also, to investigate whether erectile dysfunction (ED) or menstrual dysfunction (MD) can be used as a proxy indicator of BMD loss in such patients, replacing dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Method: Sixty-five patients (mean age 29.6) receiving risperidone as the only prolactin raising medication for minimum period of one year were selected taking into consideration the socio-demographic and clinical variables. History of ED/ MD, DEXA measurement of their lumbar and hip bone, and endocrine variables were recorded. Results: The prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in female was found to be 84.4% and in males 78.8%; females being 1.4 times more at risk than males. Abnormal BMD was found in more than 40% of the subjects. Furthermore, 30% had vitamin D deficiency and 60.8% had vitamin D insufficiency. A statistically significant association was observed between ED/ MD and BMD (odds ration [OR] 3.71, confidence interval [CI] 1.23-11.24, p=0.02), but this varied according to the gender. Conclusion: These results suggest that patients on long term risperidone are at high risk of developing hyperprolactinaemia, reduced BMD and Vitamin D, although multiple contributory factors or mechanisms can be suggested. Clinically, ED was more significantly associated with changes in BMD.
Authors and Affiliations
JP Russell Ravan, Naveen Thomas, Thomas Paul, Samuel Prasanna, Nihal Thomas, Deepa Ramaswamy
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP183760
- DOI 10.5958/2394-2061.2017.00003.9
- Views 111
- Downloads 0
Psychosomatic interface: psychological distress and perceived stress in psoriasis patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Introduction: Psoriasis is worldwide but the prevalence varies among different ethnicities. Reported prevalence of psoriasis in North India of 0.8% in the seventies has now risen to 2.8%. Psoriasis is associated with sig...
A comparative study on distressful events in affective disorder and normal control
Background: Life events’ stresses are concerned with situational encounters and the meaning that a person attaches to such encounters. It refers to our feeling; it is something of importance to us and is being jeopardise...
Clinical and demographical profile of inpatient psychiatry referrals in a multispecialty teaching hospital
Background: Research in consultation-liaison psychiatry is important clinically because of high incidence of coexistence of psychiatric and medical disorders in patients attending psychiatry and general healthcare system...
Serum magnesium level and severity of delirium in alcohol withdrawal state
Objectives: Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with nutritional deficiency including micronutrients such as magnesium. Alcohol dependent patients often develop delirium during withdrawal. The relationship between...
“I am no male or female or any other, I have no sex”: a case report on asexuality
A rather less investigated field of sexual orientation, “asexuality” is spread out within the dimensions on lack of sexual attraction or interest on sexual behaviour, and on self-identification issues, or in combination...