The full 9 stepped cycle of proton, electron conductance inside human body, consisting of two basic parts
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH - Year 2018, Vol 10, Issue 5
Abstract
By our suggestion the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance have been divided in two parts as A part and B part. The specifity of A part of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductanceis distinguished by electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane as at first : complex I-NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase, two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to ubiquinone (UQ) - complex I also translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient -NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step-FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one - electron steps, each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q) - during this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, at second: Complex II-succinate-CoQ reductase, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space, at third: Complex III -cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase, two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and total four protons are translocated, at fourth: Complex IV-cytochrome c oxidase, four electrons are removed from four molecules of cytochrome c and transferred to molecular oxygen (O2), producing two molecules of water, and eight protons are removed from the mitochondrial matrix, only four are translocated across the membrane, at fifth: Complex V of the electron transport chain. The FO component of ATP synthase acts as an ion channel that provides for a proton flux back into the mitochondrial matrix. The efflux of protons from the mitochondrial matrix creates an electrochemical gradient (proton gradient). In such way, all biological events, which have been occurred within first 7 stages of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance are conditioned by reaction equation as “Donators (glucose, aminoacids, fatty acids) + membrane redox potentials three-state line system + acceptor as O2 + ADP + Pi + H+ + nH+memb.space = (ATP + heat energy) + H2O + nH + matrix + CO2” The specifics of B part of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance is distinguished by involvement of such reactions as Hb-4O2+nH+<=>Hb-nH++ 4O2 and CO2 + H2O <=> HCO3-+ H+ in last 8 stage and 9 stage of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance .
Authors and Affiliations
Ambaga, M. and Tumen-Ulzii, A.
Keywords
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