The physiological role of adiponectin
Journal Title: Postępy Nauk Medycznych - Year 2010, Vol 23, Issue 6
Abstract
Adiponectin is a peptide secreted by adipocytes.Adiponectin circulates in three isoforms: a trimer (low molecular weight – LMW), a hexamer (middle molecular weight – MMW) and a multimeric high molecular weight – HMW).In the addition to the metabolic action on metabolism glucose and lipids adiponectin reveals direct vasoprotective and antiatherogenic effects on endothelial cells.It has been reported that in patients with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, coronary disease serum adiponectin concentrations were decreased. However, in centenarians adiponectin levels were increased. High adiponectin levels in this group correlated with lower incidence of hypertension, diabetes coronary disease and dyslipidemia.The recent prospective studies concerning correlation between adiponectin and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality demonstrated controversial results.Some authors reported that adiponectin was not independently associated with future development of CVD, whereas others showed that high adiponectin levels were correlated with an increased risk of CVD and /or mortality.How it could be explained that there is a discrepancy in findings that hyperadiponectinemia correlates with longevity and on the other hand is associated with higher mortality in patients with CVD.Some factors may be involved in the mechanism of an increase of adiponectin such as: increased secretion of adiponectin by cardiomiocytes, stimulated by BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) disturbed metabolism of adiponectin in older patients with CVD, as well as the changes in multimerization of adiponectin.Isomer of adiponectin – HMW have more potent metabolic, insulin – sensitizing and cardioprotective effects than LMW, MMW and total adiponectin.It could be suggested that in CVD patients alterations in the process of adiponectin multimerization may lead to the deficiency of cardioprotective isoforms of adiponectin. Isomer of adiponectin – HMW is a good marker of metabolic status, however total adiponectin is more useful to assess mortality risk in patients with CVD.
Authors and Affiliations
Bogusława Baranowska, Wojciech Bik
Keywords
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